Mexico is a federal republic with three main levels of public authority: the federal government, the governments of the states and Mexico City, and municipalities. Each level has defined responsibilities, institutions, budgets, and elected authorities. The federal level handles matters such as national legislation, foreign relations, defense, and federal public programs. State governments manage regional responsibilities under the Mexican Constitution and their own laws, while municipalities generally handle local services and administration. Elections connect citizens with public office. Depending on the election, voters choose the President, members of the Congress of the Union, state governors, state legislators, municipal authorities, and other local representatives. Electoral institutions organize registration, polling, voting, and the official count. The secret ballot protects the voter's choice, and different elections can take place on different schedules. The government structure and elections answer different questions. The structure shows which institution has authority over a matter; elections determine who occupies many of those positions. A federal policy cannot be understood in the same way as a municipal service, and a state governor is chosen through a different contest from the President. Following a political issue therefore requires checking the responsible level of government, the relevant institution, the elected office involved, and the rules governing the election or public decision.
Politics in Mexico
Politics in Mexico describes how public power is organized, exercised, and contested at federal, state, and municipal levels. Government institutions create and apply public rules, while elections choose authorities and representatives. Understanding both the government structure and the voting process shows who can decide which matters and how citizens can influence public office.
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