In 2024, 54,603 people were employed in Andorra, while the unemployment rate was 1.5%. The employment rate for people aged 15 to 64 was 82.5%, and 71% of workers had secondary or tertiary education. Private employees represented 63.2% of employment, public employees 17.6% and self-employed workers 19.1%. Part-time work accounted for 6.5%, temporary work for 10.6%, and average effective working time was 34.6 hours per week. The CASS, Andorra’s social-security system, recorded 44,797 employees and an average of 53,895 jobs in 2024. Services provided 38,363 jobs in 2024. Commerce and vehicle repair accounted for 9,457 jobs, hotels and catering for 5,516, finance for 1,715, and public administration, defence and CASS for 4,725. Real-estate and business services represented 16.5% of employment and recorded particularly strong growth, while health and social services also increased. Construction employed 4,389 people and grew by 7.7%; industry employed 1,889 and agriculture and forestry 157. Tourism creates seasonal demand, especially in hotels and at ski resorts. Andorra has seven parishes, but the reviewed official data does not provide a verified parish-by-parish employment split. National labour-market rules and institutions therefore matter more for general indicators, while location matters more for seasonal tourism and ski work. Qualification requirements depend on the occupation and employer. A professional qualification at level 4 of Andorra’s qualifications framework can support technical and support roles, while regulated professions may require formal recognition and registration with the relevant professional body. The Servei d’Ocupació provides career guidance, training, qualification improvement, preselection, intermediation and advice for self-employment. Short-cycle microcredentials can support targeted upskilling. Employer demand remains decisive even when a qualification is available. Average monthly pay was €2,575.15 in 2024. Average pay was higher in finance at €5,124.05 and energy at €4,177.65, while commerce averaged €2,214.74 and hotels €1,936.17. The 2026 minimum wage is €9.05 per hour or €1,568.67 per month for 40 hours per week from July 2026; the January rate was €8.80 per hour or €1,525.33 per month. CASS contributions total 22% of the relevant payroll base, divided between 6.5% for the employee and 15.5% for the employer. Ordinary legal working time is 40 hours per week, with at least 12 hours of daily rest, one full weekly rest day and at least 30 calendar days or 22 working days of paid leave. Seasonal or irregular schedules can follow collective-agreement rules and an annual maximum of 1,800 hours. The Servei d’Ocupació publishes vacancies daily and connects registered job seekers with legally established Andorran employers. In February 2025 it recorded 239 job seekers, 1,463 active offers and 15 placements; the 2024 averages were 309 job seekers and 1,829 offers, equivalent to about 0.3 applicants per offer. Employment programmes produced 82 hires in 2025, including 48 in private companies and 34 in public organisations. The 2026 target groups include people aged 16 to 25, people aged 45 to 65, the long-term unemployed, people with disabilities and people facing vulnerability; private employers can receive €371 per month for six months for a fixed-term hire or €557 per month for six months for an indefinite hire when programme conditions are met. Foreign residents made up 54.7% of Andorra’s population in 2024. The formal initial residence-and-work pathway generally depends on a quota, an indefinite contract with a legally established Andorran company and permanent or effective residence; frontier-worker and non-resident work pathways also exist. The first permit lasts one year, followed by three two-year renewals, and after seven years renewals generally last ten years. The general 2026 quota contains 800 permits, including 624 for residents and 176 for frontier workers, with strategic and essential occupations prioritised. The 2025–26 winter seasonal quota contains 4,995 permits, including 3,366 for hotels, 1,009 for ski slopes, 455 for commerce, 120 for cleaning and 45 for travel agencies. A summer 2026 hotel quota contains 500 permits, and a recruitment pilot provides 450 permits for non-EU or non-EEA hotel workers for up to nine months between 1 December 2026 and 31 August 2027. For permits issued under the quota from October 2025, Catalan level A1 applies at the first renewal and A2 at the second; broader requirements are planned from 2029. Construction led employment growth in 2024, while services continued to expand and employers reported recruitment shortages. The National Innovation and Diversification Plan aims to increase higher-value, digital, innovation and research activity, which may raise demand for qualified labour, but this remains a policy target rather than a measured employment outcome. Gender pay differences also remain visible: CASS data showed average monthly pay of €2,837 for men and €2,290 for women, while the Workforce Survey reported €3,224 and €2,306 respectively.
Labor market in Andorra
Services accounted for eighty-five point six percent of Andorra’s employment in 2024. Tourism, commerce, hospitality, finance, construction and business services provide many jobs. Qualifications and employer demand affect access to work. Foreign workers also need the relevant permit or quota.
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