Criminal law in Algeria

Criminal law in Algeria distinguishes conduct prohibited by law from private disputes. Offences are commonly classified by seriousness, and the classification affects the competent court, procedure, and possible penalty. A case may begin with a complaint, a police report, an observed offence, or information received by the prosecution. Police gather initial evidence under the legal supervision of competent judicial authorities. The public prosecutor decides or directs important steps in many cases. More serious or complex matters may involve an investigating judge who examines evidence for and against the accused before trial. A suspect or accused person has procedural rights, including the right to understand the allegation and to defend against it. Access to a lawyer is especially important before detailed statements, confrontations, searches, or other decisive steps. Evidence can include witness accounts, documents, digital material, expert findings, physical objects, and official reports. The legality, reliability, and meaning of that evidence may be challenged during proceedings. Victims can report an offence, submit evidence, seek protection when available, and may pursue compensation within the criminal process or through an appropriate related claim. A complaint should state facts accurately without exaggeration. A court determines guilt and any penalty through the applicable procedure. Depending on the decision and legal conditions, review by a higher court may be possible. Criminal cases can affect liberty, reputation, employment, family life, and immigration status. No person should destroy evidence, pressure witnesses, ignore an official summons, or attempt an informal payment to influence the process.