Transport in Burkina Faso

Motorcycles and other motorized two-wheelers, known in French as engins à 2 roues, dominate urban mobility. The PMDUV reports more than 3,238,383 motorized two-wheelers for 2021. Depending on the city, taxis and tricycles supplement private transport. Public transport is less developed in secondary cities; pavements, crossings and paved roads are partly absent, leaving pedestrians particularly vulnerable on the carriageway. A formal urban and intermunicipal bus operator (SOTRACO) provides bus services. Bus service is documented in Ouagadougou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Koudougou, Ouahigouya, Dédougou and Banfora; routes in Gaoua and Manga are validated for 2026, but ongoing operation there has not been documented. Single trips and subscriptions are available. Current example fares are about 200 FCFA per trip in Ouagadougou and 150 FCFA in Bobo-Dioulasso and Koudougou. Monthly subscriptions cost approximately 10,000 FCFA in Ouagadougou, 6,000 FCFA in Bobo-Dioulasso and 5,000 FCFA in Koudougou. Special subscriptions are available for pupils, students, older people and people with disabilities. The city, fare and timetable should be checked before travel; taxis, informal transport services and tricycles often serve as alternatives. Rail transport is fragmented. The rail operator (SITARAIL) runs the connection under the concession framework between Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire; passenger service between Ouagadougou and Niangoloko resumed on 17 November 2023. A direct Ouagadougou–Abidjan connection is not confirmed in the most recent official source. Frequency, timetable and price are not reliably published centrally and must be checked directly before travel. Rail transport is mainly relevant for some regional long-distance connections and freight transport. Intercity travel between cities and regions takes place predominantly by road. In Ouagadougou, the central long-distance bus station (Ouagarinter) is an important hub. Private providers such as STAF, TSR and Rakiéta operate on different routes depending on their services and operating status. Prices and departure times depend on the provider, vehicle, destination and service level. Main roads and secondary routes differ substantially; many secondary routes are unpaved, so travel time can change depending on the season and road conditions. Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso have airports. ANAC and ASECNA form part of the institutional aviation framework, but current connections and frequencies should be confirmed before booking. For car and motorcycle travel, a driving licence, vehicle registration document (carte grise), third-party liability insurance and, depending on the vehicle, a valid technical inspection are among the key documents. DGTTM, CCVA, ONASER, the police, the gendarmerie and municipal authorities check documents, vehicle condition and overloading, among other things. Driving-licence renewal is provided for Burkinabè nationals and lawfully resident persons. A CNIB or passport and a stamped application are typically required; processing may take about 3 to 14 working days. Fees and exact requirements should be checked at the responsible service counter. The WHO baseline profile states a maximum of 50 km/h in urban areas and 90 km/h in rural areas; local authorities may set different limits. Handheld phone use while driving is prohibited. The helmet rule applies to drivers and passengers on all road types and to all motorized two-wheelers. The profile does not state a legal requirement to fasten the helmet strap; for safety, the helmet should nevertheless fit properly and be fastened. Seat belts must be used in the front and rear, and a child-restraint-system regulation exists. Alcohol limits are a maximum of 0.05 g/dl blood alcohol generally and 0.02 g/dl for novice drivers. Road crashes particularly affect pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists. For public passenger transport, 1,303 crashes, 901 injuries and 324 deaths were recorded from 2019 through the first quarter of 2024. Common causes include excessive speed, loss of control, fatigue or alcohol, and technical defects. For 2021, Burkina Faso reported 1,272 road deaths; the WHO estimated 6,137 deaths, or 27.8 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. These figures describe historical reporting periods and not the current daily situation. Walking, cycling, buses and rail transport generally cause fewer emissions during operation than private vehicles. Transport affects air quality and health, creates noise and causes greenhouse-gas emissions. The CDN 3.0 for 2026 to 2030 identifies vehicle-fleet renewal, lower-emission transport and transport infrastructure as fields of action. Stated targets such as 500 school buses, possibly 2,500 during 2025 to 2030, 1,070 electric vehicles and 5,000 renewed taxis in Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso are plans, not evidence of measures already implemented.