Disasters in Burundi

Burundi has a national disaster-management structure, but its practical implementation and early-warning coverage vary by region. The Directorate General for Civil Protection and Disaster Management (Direction Générale de la Protection Civile et de la Gestion des Catastrophes) within the Ministry of the Interior coordinates with provinces, communes and administrative authorities. The National Platform for Risk Prevention and Disaster Management (Plateforme Nationale de Prévention des Risques et de la Gestion des Catastrophes), the national contingency plan and local PRGC and ORSC structures support planning and response coordination. The Burundi Red Cross works as a humanitarian organization supporting state authorities and carries out rapid assessments, rescue, emergency shelter, relief-item distribution, water and sanitation measures, cash assistance and volunteer response teams, among other activities. Depending on the situation, UNHCR, IOM, UNICEF, WFP and nongovernmental organizations also provide support. The most frequent hazards include river, heavy-rainfall and lake floods, intense rainfall, landslides and mudslides, strong winds, hail, drought, water deficits, earthquakes and bush or forest fires. In Bujumbura-Mairie, Gatumba and Mutimbuzi, around Lake Tanganyika and the Rusizi, in western and eastern border areas, and on the Mumirwa slopes, overloaded drainage, soil erosion, deforestation and informal construction increase the risks. Farming households, women, children, older people, people with disabilities, internally displaced people and refugees are often particularly exposed. Burundi's hydrometeorological service (IGEBU) produces daily, weekly and seasonal forecasts, hydrological notices, information on rising Lake Tanganyika levels and forecasts for the following two days. Warnings may be disseminated through IGEBU, administrative authorities and community structures; CAP warnings and the national Early Warnings for All roadmap for 2024–2027 are intended to improve multi-hazard warnings. Dissemination to the last mile nevertheless remains partly weak, so warnings must be understandable, inclusive and immediately actionable. Preparedness measures include hazard maps, local contingency plans, community-based disaster preparedness, evacuation plans with drills, public awareness, pre-positioned relief supplies, slope stabilization, reforestation, and shoreline and drainage protection. The available sources do not establish a uniform nationwide household checklist or emergency telephone number. During acute events, life-saving assistance, safe accommodation, drinking water and sanitation, food, protection, family reunification and continuation of schooling take priority. Damaged or cut-off roads and bridges can significantly delay assistance. The local term hazard-related relocation describes moving people out of a dangerous area because of the risk. The government and administrative authorities coordinate such measures, while registration and needs assessment take place at reception sites. For the relocation from Gatumba in 2024, Mubimbi and Gisagara, and later Gateri, were among the locations mentioned; OBUHA provided emergency shelters and the Burundi Red Cross supported water supply. Access to a reception site is not established as a general automatic entitlement. Site safety, water, schooling, land, income and the possibility of voluntary return remain central questions. Disaster assistance is usually financed by the state, donors or humanitarian organizations. It may include emergency shelter, relief items, rental or repair assistance, water and sanitation, mobile services, cash, protection and temporary learning spaces. Uniform fees or flat-rate benefits for all affected people are not established; assistance is typically free for affected people, while personal costs and gaps in provision may remain. Emergency assistance usually reaches people within days or weeks, whereas reconstruction and livelihood support take months or years and are repeatedly underfunded. Recovery is intended to be more resilient and may include relocation, robust public buildings, drainage and flood-control systems, river dredging, shoreline and river protection, roads, water supply, land and watershed protection, and livelihood restoration. The Bujumbura URP programme, also known as IBISAGARA BIRAMA, is associated with US$113 million and combines flood protection, early warning and land-use planning. Emergency shelter is therefore not automatically a permanent solution. For 2024, the available reports document, in connection with El Niño, heavy rainfall, floods and landslides, 47 deaths, 298,222 affected people and about 47,915 displaced people from January to June, and more than 126,308 people affected by heavy rainfall, strong winds and floods from September to December. These figures refer to the respective reporting periods and are not a permanent annual statistic. Official warnings and orders as well as municipal registration procedures should be followed; a uniform nationwide individual disaster benefit or fixed evacuation deadline is not established.