Romantic relationship in Cambodia

Cambodia has no central institution that regulates dating or romantic relationships. Courtship and dating are mainly informal and may lead to marriage, cohabitation or pregnancy. Social expectations around premarital sex remain strong, and reported experiences differ by gender and between urban and rural communities. Silence, misinformation, contraceptive myths, cost and distance can make sexual and reproductive health services harder to use. Health centres, youth-friendly services and schools provide information and services, while the 2024 comprehensive sexuality education and health education programs reached about 905,712 adolescents and young people. About 12% of married women have an unmet need for family planning. Marriage changes the legal position of a couple. The general minimum marriage age is 18. A person aged 16 or 17 may marry when the other party is an adult and a parent or guardian gives consent. Marriage requires mutual consent, and Cambodian constitutional provisions refer to one husband and one wife. Around 75% of married women in the 2021–22 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey reported a civil registration, while 51% reported having a marriage certificate. An unregistered or customary union can therefore create uncertainty when a person needs to prove marital status or claim rights connected with registered marriage. Registered marriage is also the basis for formal divorce; informal cohabitation does not use the same divorce process. The survey recorded that 69% of women and 62% of men aged 15–49 were married or living together, while 25% of women and 35% of men had never married. The median age at first marriage was 21.5 for women and 24.4 for men. Early union remains a regional concern: 19% of women and 6% of men entered a union before age 18, with higher reported rates in provinces including Ratanakiri, Stung Treng, Mondulkiri, Preah Vihear and Tbong Khmum. Women’s median age at first marriage also differed between rural and urban areas, from 20.9 years in rural areas to 22.3 years in urban areas. Sexual intercourse with a person under 15 is criminalized, and the sexual-consent threshold is 15. Forced marriage and forced sex are not relationship duties. Same-sex relationships are not criminalized, but Cambodian law does not provide legal recognition or protection for same-sex partnerships, and no established civil-union option exists. Informal or customary relationships may exist, but their legal force is uncertain. Violence in a romantic relationship can be addressed through health facilities, police, commune or local authorities, the Provincial Department of Women’s Affairs, the Ministry of Women’s Affairs, courts and specialized non-governmental organizations. The 2005 Domestic Violence Law provides the main legal framework. One-stop service guidelines launched in 2024 support a provincial-hospital model combining medical, legal, psychological and safety assistance with confidential referrals, although availability remains uneven. The Cambodian Women’s Crisis Center and LICADHO provide non-state shelter, counselling, legal assistance or referrals in relevant cases. In the survey, about one in five ever-partnered women reported lifetime physical, sexual or emotional intimate-partner violence, and 53% of women who experienced physical or sexual violence reported neither seeking help nor telling anyone. Access can be more difficult in rural areas and for ethnic-minority communities.