Izingozi eziyinhloko zezinhlekelele eSwatini yisomiso, izikhukhula, iziphepho, izingozi zemvelo, isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, imililo, ukuzamazama komhlaba nokudilika komhlaba. Isomiso siyingozi enkulu ezweni futhi ngokomlando sithinte kakhulu iLubombo neShiselweni ngezikhathi ze-El Niño. Izikhukhula neziphepho zingathinta zonke izifunda ezine: iHhohho, iManzini, iLubombo neShiselweni. Isishingishane saseTropical Cyclone Eloise ngo-2021 sathinta imizi engu-266, okungabantu abangu-1,410, kuzo zonke izifunda ezine. Usizo lukahulumeni lweziphepho lwango-2026 lwagxila ikakhulukazi eLubombo naseShiselweni. INational Disaster Management Agency, evame ukubizwa nge-NDMA, iyinhlangano esemthethweni eyinhloko yokuphathwa kwezinhlekelele. Imithombo yomphakathi ingasebenzisa nelithi National Disaster Risk Management Authority. UMnyango Kazwelonke Wokuphathwa Kwezinhlekelele, iNational Emergency Operations Centre namaKomiti Okuphathwa Kwezinhlekelele Ezifunda asekele ukuhlanganisa umsebenzi. Ihhovisi likaSekela Ndunankulu, abaPhathi Nababhali Bezifunda, izakhiwo ze-inkhundla, iNdvuna yenkhundla, ibucopho namavolontiya omphakathi axhumanisa izinyathelo zikazwelonke nemiphakathi yasendaweni. I-Disaster Management Act, 2006 ibeka imithwalo yemfanelo eyinhloko, amandla ezimo eziphuthumayo neDisaster Management Fund. I-Eswatini Meteorological Service, engaphansi koMnyango Wezokuvakasha Nezemvelo, inikeza izixwayiso zesimo sezulu sikazwelonke, izibikezelo zansuku zonke nezesizini, izaziso zesimo sezulu nolwazi lwesimo sezulu kwezolimo. UMnyango Wezamanzi usekela ukubikezela izikhukhula nezinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi. Uhlelo oludidiyelwe lokuxwayisa ngezingozi eziningi, iziteshi zesimo sezulu ezizenzakalelayo, isu lokuqina nezinhlelo zokufuduka nokuhlaliswa kabusha ngenxa yesimo sezulu kuvela ohlelweni lukahulumeni luka-2025–2028, nakuba ezinye izingxenye zisahleliwe futhi zingakasebenzi ngokugcwele. Ukulungiselela kuhlanganisa ukulandela izibikezelo nezixwayiso ezisemthethweni, ukugcina amanzi, ukudla okuhlala isikhathi eside, imithi, ithoshi, amabhethri namadokhumenti abalulekile elungile, nokuqinisa izinto ezingabambekile ezizungeze izakhiwo. Ngesikhathi sesiphepho, hlala ngaphakathi futhi uqhele emafasiteleni. Ngesikhathi sezikhukhula, iya endaweni ephakeme futhi ungahambi ngezinyawo, ungabhukudi noma ushayele udabule emanzini ezikhukhula. Gcina indlela yokuxhumana nomndeni nge-SMS noma ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ngoba ibhethri lefoni lingase liphele. Imibiko yePhepha ingathunyelwa nge-SMS ku-112 noma nge-*112#1. Iziphathimandla zasendaweni, amalungu ePhalamende, iNdvuna yenkhundla, ibucopho namavolontiya omphakathi nawo angathola imibiko yasendaweni. Uma kunengozi esheshayo, shayela u-112 wesevisi yezimo eziphuthumayo yamahhala ye-NDMA, u-999 weRoyal Eswatini Police Service, u-933 wezicishamlilo, u-977 wosizo lwezempilo oluphuthumayo no-990 we-Umbutfo Eswatini Defence Force. Yisho indawo eqondile, abantu abasengozini, uhlobo lwengozi nomonakalo obonakalayo. Isevisi ka-977 ifanele ingxenye yokusabela enhlekeleleni lapho kukhona ukuhlenga noma isimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha; izindaba zezempilo ezivamile ziya ohlelweni lwezempilo. Lapho inhlekelele isongela, iKomiti Yokuphathwa Kwezinhlekelele Yesifunda ihlola ubukhulu nobukhulu obungase bube khona, yazise i-NDMA, ikhiphe izixwayiso ngokwemiyalelo ye-NDMA, yazise izinhlaka zokusabela, ivuse amavolontiya bese iqala uhlelo olufanele lwezimo eziphuthumayo. I-NDMA neNational Emergency Operations Centre zixhumanisa ne-Eswatini National Fire and Emergency Service nabanye ababambiqhaza. Izikhathi zokusabela ziyahlukahluka ngohlobo nangobukhulu besigameko, futhi asikho isiqinisekiso sesikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphendula esishicilelwe emphakathini. Usizo oluphuthumayo lulandela ukuhlolwa kwezidingo nomthelela. I-NDMA ihlanganisa izinsiza zezimo eziphuthumayo, usizo nezimpahla ezigciniwe. Kuye ngomonakalo nezinsiza ezikhona, usizo lungahlanganisa amatende, amaphasela okudla nezinto zokufulela ezilethwa yi-NDMA, iBaphalali eSwatini Red Cross, iWorld Vision noma ezinye izinhlangano. I-Disaster Management Fund ixhasa ukuhlela kukazwelonke, usizo oluphuthumayo, ukubuyiselwa kwengqalasizinda nezinsiza, kanye nesinxephezelo samavolontiya afanelekayo. Ayimisi inkokhelo evamile eqinisekisiwe yokunxephezela umuntu ngamunye kukho konke ukulahlekelwa ngenxa yenhlekelele, futhi ulwazi olukhona aluchazi izimali eziqondile zosizo lwezinto. Lapho izimpilo zisengozini, iKomiti Yokuphathwa Kwezinhlekelele Yesifunda idlulisela izidingo zokuphuma nge-NDMA, kanti uNgqongqoshe angayalela ukuphuma uye ezindaweni zokukhosela zesikhashana. Ngesikhathi sesimo esiphuthumayo, uNdunankulu noma uNgqongqoshe angavimbela ukuhamba, avale imigwaqo, anciphise ukufinyelela ezintweni ezidingekayo noma alawule ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Amaphoyisa, amasosha nezicishamlilo angahlenga abantu, angene ezindaweni uma egunyazwe ngumthetho, avale imigwaqo acele izinsiza. Isimo esiphuthumayo sikazwelonke noma sesifunda sihlukaniswa ngokwendawo ethintekile namandla okubhekana nesimo; isimemezelo sikazwelonke singaqala sithathe izinyanga ezingafika kwezimbili, kanti esesifunda singaqala sithathe inyanga eyodwa, kwandiswe kuze kufike enyangeni eyodwa ngaphansi koMthetho. Abantu kufanele balandele izixwayiso zomphakathi ezisemthethweni nemiyalelo yezimo eziphuthumayo. Amavolontiya angadinga ukubhaliswa nokukhonjwa, futhi kufanele alandele imiyalelo enengqondo; uMthetho uhlinzeka ngokungathweswa icala nokubuyiselwa kwezindleko ezimweni ezichaziwe. Ukululama kusuka ekuhlolweni kwezidingo nomthelela kuye osizweni, ekuvuseleleni nasekwakheni kabusha. Iziphathimandla zihlose ukubuyisela ingqalasizinda nezinsiza ezibalulekile, zisebenzise izindinganiso zokwakha eziqinile nemithetho yokwakha, bese zihlola impendulo ngemva kwesigameko. Ulwazi lwengozi yezindlu, imigwaqo, ukugeleza kwamanzi, izinhlelo zamanzi, amandla, ezolimo, izikhungo zezempilo nezikole lusekelwa yiDisaster Risk Database nedatha yokuchayeka esetshenziswa ekuhleleni kwendawo. Inqubomgomo yamanzi nayo isekela ukuhlelwa kwemithombo yamanzi, ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo zezikhukhula, ulwazi lomphakathi nezinhlelo zokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula kusenesikhathi. Ukwakhiwa okuntekenteke nokungalandeli izindinganiso zokwakha kungandisa ukulahlekelwa yiziphepho nezimvula ezinkulu. Ukuphathwa kobungozi bezinhlekelele eSwatini kuwuhlelo lukazwelonke olusemthethweni, kodwa usizo olungokoqobo lusancike ezimweni zendawo, ekuhlolweni komonakalo nasezinsizeni ezitholakalayo.
Izinhlekelele eSwatini
Izinhlekelele eSwatini zihlanganisa isomiso, izikhukhula, iziphepho, imililo, ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukudilika komhlaba nezimo eziphuthumayo zemvelo ezisongela kakhulu abantu, izinsiza noma ingqalasizinda. Ukuphathwa kwezinhlekelele kuhlanganiswa ezingeni likazwelonke yiNational Disaster Management Agency (NDMA) ngaphansi kwe-Disaster Management Act, 2006, amakomiti ezifunda nezakhiwo zomphakathi zisekele izinyathelo zasendaweni. Izixwayiso, izinombolo zezimo eziphuthumayo, usizo nezinyathelo zokululama kuncike engozini nasendaweni ethintekile.
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