Umndeni e-Eswatini

I-Eswatini inohlelo lomthetho womndeni olusemthethweni oluhambisana nomthetho namasiko esiSwati, okusho imithetho nemikhuba elawula izindaba zomndeni ezimweni zayo. Lezi zinhlelo ezimbili zingahluka ngohlobo lomshado, ukubhaliswa, ukuhlelwa kwempahla negunya lomndeni. Umshado wesintu ungaba nowomfazi oyedwa noma nowesithembu. Umshado womphakathi ungaba phakathi kwabashadile abahlanganyela impahla noma abangayihlanganyeli, okusho ukuthi uhlelo olukhethiwe lwempahla luthinta indlela impahla nezikweletu eziphathwa ngayo. Umbhalisi, isikhulu somshado, amakhosi, ama-Tindvuna nama-Baggijimi bangaba nemisebenzi ehlukene kuye ngenqubo yomshado. Lapho umsebenzi wokubhalisa usebenza, imininingwane yomshado kufanele ithunyelwe zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14. Inqubo esemthethweni yamanje yesitifiketi somshado isebenzisa amafomu e-BMD 3 noma e-BMD 4 futhi idinga ukuthintana nombhalisi noma isikhulu somshado. Umshado osemthethweni uphela ngokufa noma ngenqubo enkantolo enegunya; ukwehlukana kukodwa akuqedi isehlukaniso. I-Children’s Protection and Welfare Act 2012 ivikela inhlalakahle yengane kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abazali bashadile yini, abashadile yini, bahlala ndawonye yini noma bahlukene yini. Abazali nabanakekeli banemisebenzi yokuqondisa, ukunakekela, ukusiza, ukondla nokuqinisekisa ukusinda nokuthuthuka kwengane. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudla, izingubo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo nendawo yokukhosela enengqondo. Abazali banomthwalo oyinhloko wokukhulisa izingane, futhi umnakekeli ofanele kufanele aqhubeke nokunakekela lapho umzali engekho okwesikhashana. Ukubhaliswa kokuzalwa kubhala ingane namagama abazali noma omnakekeli futhi kusekela ukufinyelela kamuva ezinsizeni nasezinqubweni zomthetho. Ukondla kuhlukile ekuxhumaneni noma ekuboneni ingane. Umzali obophezelekile ngokomthetho noma omunye umuntu okufanele anikele angase kudingeke anikeze ingane ukwesekwa ngokwezimali. Isicelo sesondlo sifakwa enkantolo enegunya futhi ngokuvamile sidinga ubufakazi bezidingo zengane namandla omuntu obophezelekile. Izinkantolo zesondlo zisebenza ngaphakathi kohlelo lwe-Magistrates’ Court, zinezikhulu zesondlo eziqokiwe. I-High Court Family Division ibhekana nezindaba zomndeni ezihlanganisa isehlukaniso, ilungelo lokugcina ingane nesondlo. Ukufinyelela enkantolo kungaba nzima ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasemizini engenayo imali eyanele, ngakho kufanele kuthintwe inkantolo yendawo noma ihhovisi lezenhlalakahle kusenesikhathi. Ukunakekelwa umndeni owandisiwe nezihlobo kubalulekile lapho abazali bengakwazi ukunakekela ngokugcwele. Indlela egxile emndenini ithanda ukubeka izingane ezisengozini ezingahlali nabazali bazo ezihlotsheni. Ama-Neighbourhood Care Points, avame ukubizwa ngama-NCP, ahlinzeka ngokwesekwa kwezingane emphakathini, ukudla nokunakekelwa kwezingane ezincane. I-Department of Social Welfare engaphansi kwe-Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, noma i-DPMO, isekela izingane ezithinteke ngokunganakwa, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuba yizintandane, izimo ezinzima noma i-HIV. Ingahlinzeka nangokwelulekwa kwabazali noma izihlobo ezingazinaki noma ezihlukumeza izingane. Isibonelelo semfundo se-OVC Education Grant, esenzelwe i-Orphans and Vulnerable Children, sitholakala nge-Regional Social Welfare Office noma nge-Tinkhundla Centre lapho izimo ezibaluliwe zihlangatshezwana nazo. Lezi zimo zihlanganisa ukuba yisakhamuzi saseSwazini, ukuba ne-PIN, ukuya esikoleni esiqashelwayo nezimo ezifana nokuba yintandane, ukuba sengozini noma ukuba nabazali abangenawo umsebenzi noma imali, futhi kungabi khona esinye isibonelelo esimboza isidingo esifanayo. Ukutholwa kwengane kuyinqubo esemthethweni yasenkantolo, hhayi ukudlulisa ukunakekelwa ngokungahlelekile. Isicelo sifakwa esifundeni ahlala kuso umntwana. Abafakizicelo kufanele bafaneleke, babe nedumela elihle futhi bakwazi ukondla nokufundisa umntwana. Kusebenza imithetho yemvume, kuhlanganise nemvume yengane uma isingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10. Ngemva komyalelo wenkantolo, ukubhalisa kwenziwa nge-Ministry of Home Affairs and Civil Registration ngemibhalo evela ku-DPMO noma kwa-Social Welfare. Uhlelo olufanayo lokusekela umndeni lungahlanganisa nezibonelelo noma izinsiza zabantu abadala, abantu abakhubazekile nemizi ethinteke yi-HIV, ukugula, ukufa noma ukulahlekelwa yimali engenayo. Imibhalo esemthethweni etholakalayo ayibonisi isibonelelo somndeni esivamile sabo bonke noma uhlu oluphelele lwezimali zokunakekelwa komndeni; ukufinyelela ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngesicelo, kanti izindleko zenkantolo, zokutholwa kwengane, zesehlukaniso noma zokubhalisa kufanele ziqinisekiswe ehhovisi elinomthwalo wemfanelo. Udlame lwasekhaya lungenzeka emndenini futhi lusingathwa yi-Sexual Offences and Domestic Violence Act 2018, eyaziwa nge-SODV Act. Umuntu osengozini angafuna ukuvikelwa emaphoyiseni, ezinsizeni zezempilo nezenhlalakahle, ezinqubweni zemiyalelo yokuvikela nasezinkantolo. I-National Child Helpline itholakala ku-116 ngezindaba zokuvikela izingane. Ukubambisana phakathi kwezenhlalakahle, amaphoyisa, ezempilo nezinkantolo kubaluleke kakhulu lapho udlame, ukunganakwa, amacala ocansi noma izingozi zokuphepha eziphuthumayo zithinta izingane noma amanye amalungu omndeni. Ukufa kudala izindaba ezihlukene zokubhalisa, ukuphathwa kwefa, ukuba ngumqaphi nefa. Isitifiketi sokufa esivela ku-Ministry of Home Affairs and Civil Registration ngokuvamile siyadingeka enqubweni yefa. Ifa lomufi kufanele libikwe ku-Master of the High Court zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14. Ifa lomntwana kufanele livikelwe, kuhlanganise nge-Guardian’s Fund, ngaphambi kokuba umfelokazi noma umfelwa osaphila aphinde ashade emshadweni womphakathi ngaphansi komthetho ofanele wefa. Ukunakekelwa kwengane yisihlobo esisaphila akuxazululi ngokwakho amalungelo efa noma okugadwa kwengane. Izibalo zemizi azichazi bonke ubudlelwano bomndeni, kodwa idatha yemizi ye-MICS yango-2021-22 inikeza umongo owusizo: u-56% wemizi wawuholwa amadoda no-44% ngabesifazane, ubukhulu obumaphakathi bomuzi babungu-3.7, u-56.8% wawunengane engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18, u-31.9% wawunengane engaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu, u-48.7% wawunengane eneminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyi-17, kanti u-14.8% wawunamalungu ayisikhombisa noma ngaphezulu. Imizi eholwa umuntu ongaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18 yayingu-0.4%, kanti imizi engenamuntu omdala nayo yayingu-0.4%. Ngakho ukwesekwa komndeni kuvame ukudlulela ngalé kwabantu ababhalwe emzini owodwa. Inqubo esebenzayo incike ekutheni udaba lumayelana nokubhalisa komphakathi, igunya lesintu, inkantolo yendawo, i-Family Division, i-Social Welfare, amaphoyisa, ezempilo noma i-Master of the High Court.