Imvelo e-Eswatini

I-Eswatini inezindawo ezine ezibanzi ezihlukene ukusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga. I-Highveld iphakama isuka cishe kumamitha angu-910 iye kwangu-1,830 futhi ihlanganisa ihlane lezintaba, amathafa anotshani, amahlathi anenkungu namahlathi okhuni atshalwayo. I-Middleveld inezindawo ezingaphansi kwezindawo ezishisayo ezinomswakama nezomile, ezinezimila ezixubile, ezolimo nezindawo ezihlala abantu eziminyene. I-Lowveld isendaweni ephakathi kwamamitha angu-60 kuya kwangu-730 futhi inezihlahla namathafa anotshani anesomiso, izindawo ezisengozini yesomiso nokukhiqizwa komoba, izithelo ezisawolintshi nokotini okuniselwa ngamanzi. Ithafa nomqansa weLubombo kuxhumanisa amahlathi, amathafa anotshani nezinhlelo zemifula nezindawo zaseMozambique naseNingizimu Afrika. Lo mehluko wobude usabalala cishe amakhilomitha angu-200 futhi usekela izinhlobo zezilwane nezindlela ezahlukene zokusebenzisa umhlaba. Izindawo ezivikelwe zihlanganisa i-Mantenga Nature Reserve, i-Malolotja Nature Reserve ne-Hawane Dam Reserve eziphethwe yi-ENTC; i-Mlawula Nature Reserve ne-King Sobhuza II Park; kanye nezindawo eziphethwe yi-Big Game Parks njenge-Hlane Royal National Park, i-Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary ne-Mkhaya Game Reserve. Ukusabalala kwezindawo ezivikelwe kwabikwa kungu-5.6% ngo-2021, kuyilapho umbiko omdala we-CBD ka-2018 wawunikeza u-4.26%; izibalo zincike osukwini nendlela yokuhlukanisa esetshenzisiwe. Izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi zihlanganisa imifula, izindawo ezikhukhulekayo, amaxhaphozi, amaxhaphozi anenhlabathi ethambile, ama-vlei namadamu. Amagama endawo ahlanganisa i-ematete, i-emachaphoti, i-emachibi ne-tihlambo. I-Hawane Dam and Nature Reserve, i-Sand River Dam ne-Van Eck Dam yizindawo ze-Ramsar, ezihlanganisa amahektha angu-1,183 esewonke ngokwenqubomgomo kazwelonke yezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi. Izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi zinikeza amanzi, ukunciphisa izikhukhula, ukulawula ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, inhlabathi evundile, indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo zezilwane, izindawo zokuklaba nezinto ezisetshenziswa endaweni. I-Eswatini iyingxenye ye-Maputaland Centre of Plant Diversity, i-Drakensberg Escarpment Endemic Bird Area ne-Barberton Centre of Plant Diversity. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziqoshiwe zihlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba ngu-3,678, izinhlobo zezilwane ezinomgogodla ezingu-813, izitshalo eziyizinhlobo zendawo ezingu-12, izinhlobo zezilwane ezinomgogodla ezingu-89 ezisohlwini lukazwelonke lwe-Red Data, nezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingu-305 ezisohlwini. Izilwane ezisengozini njengobhejane omnyama, obhejane omhlophe, indlovu yase-Afrika, ingwe, inyathi nenja yasendle yase-Afrika zitholakala kwezinye zezindawo ezifanele, kodwa irekhodi lasendaweni eyodwa alifakazeli ukuthi lezo zilwane zikhona ezweni lonke. I-Eswatini National Trust Commission, noma i-ENTC, ilawula imisebenzi esemthethweni yamafa emvelo namasiko nezindawo eziningana ezivikelwe. UMnyango Wezokuvakasha Nezindaba Zemvelo wenza inqubomgomo kazwelonke yezilwane zasendle, amahlathi, izindawo ezivikelwe nokuphathwa kwemvelo. I-Eswatini Environment Authority ibhekana nokuhlolwa komthelela kwezemvelo, ukugunyazwa nokuhambisana noMthetho Wokuphathwa Kwemvelo ka-2002. Iphrojekthi ingadinga ukuhlolwa kokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwemvelo, ukuhlolwa komthelela emvelweni, uhlelo lokuphathwa kwemvelo nokubamba iqhaza komphakathi ngaphambi kokuqala, kuye ngesigaba sayo nemiphumela engase ibe khona. Imiphakathi, izindawo zobukhosi, iziphathimandla zendawo nabanikazi bomhlaba abazimele nabo bathonya ukufinyelela nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngokwesiko. Ukuphathwa kwemithombo yemvelo okusekelwe emphakathini, kuhlanganise nendawo yokulondoloza umphakathi yaseShewula, kuxhumanisa ukulondolozwa nokuhlela kwendawo nokwabelana ngezinzuzo. Ukuhamba izintaba, ukubuka izinyoni, ukuhamba ngezimoto uyobuka izilwane, ukukhempa, ukudoba, ukuzijabulisa epikinikini, ukuhamba phezu kwezihlahla ngentambo, ukugibela amahhashi nokuhamba ngebhayisikili ezintabeni kuyatholakala kwezinye izindawo, kodwa indawo ngayinye ibeka eyayo imigomo. Umhlaba ozimele udinga imvume yomnikazi, kanti imisebenzi efana nocwaningo, ukuqopha ifilimu, ukudoba, ukuqoqa amasampula, ukusebenzisa ama-drone, ukubasa umlilo, ukushayela ngaphandle kwemigwaqo, ukuzingela nokungena ebusuku ingadinga imvume ethile. Isimo sezulu, imigwaqo nemizila, isomiso, izikhukhula, umlilo wequbula nokuhamba kwezilwane zasendle kungashintsha ukufinyelela nokuphepha. Izingozi zemvelo zihlanganisa amagagasi okushisa, iziphepho, isichotho, izikhukhula ezingazelelwe, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ukubhidlika komhlaba, ukuntuleka kwamanzi, izinyoka nemikhaza. Imfundo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo inikezwa ngezinhlelo ze-ENTC, imisebenzi eqondiswayo, umsebenzi wokuqwashisa ngezemvelo we-Eswatini Environment Authority nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha noma zokuqapha amaxhaphozi. Izimali nezimo zokuvula zamanje kufanele ziqinisekiswe esizeni noma kumhlinzeki onesibopho; isibonelo esisodwa esishicilelwe se-ENTC sibala ukukhempa ngo-E150 nokuhlala endlini yezivakashi ngo-E750 kuya ku-E1,700 kuye ngenani labahlali. Ezinye izimali, izimvume, abaqondisi nemisebenzi kuyehluka ngendawo. Izingxabano ezinkulu zihlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwezindawo zemvelo, izindawo zokuhlala, ezolimo, amasimu ezihlahla, izinhlobo ezihlaselayo, ukudlisa ngokweqile, ukuphathwa kwemililo yequbula, ukukha amanzi, ukomisa amaxhaphozi, ukulimala okubangelwa izilwane zasendle, uthango, ingqalasizinda nezingxabano ngezinzuzo zezokuvakasha noma ukusetshenziswa kwendawo ngokwesiko. Ukuhlolwa kwemvelo, izinhlelo zokuphatha, ukuhlukanisa izindawo, izivumelwano zomphakathi, ukuqapha, ukuphoqelela imithetho nokubuyisela imvelo kusetshenziswa ukubhekana nalezi zingcindezi. I-Trans-frontier Conservation Areas ixhumanisa umsebenzi wokulondoloza neMozambique neNingizimu Afrika, kodwa ayakhi umthetho owodwa wokufinyelela noma uhlelo olulodwa lwezimali ezweni lonke.