Ubudlelwano bothando e-Eswatini

Ukuqomisana nokuthembisana umshado e-Eswatini ngokuvamile akuhlelekile. Ubudlelwano bamasiko bungabandakanya umndeni noma indawo yobukhosi, kuyilapho umshado womphakathi nowamasiko kulandela izindlela ezisemthethweni ezihlukene. Ukuphathwa komshado womphakathi kubandakanya i-Ministry of Home Affairs Civil Registration and Vital Statistics nesikhulu semishado noma uMbhalisi; umthetho wamanje wokuphatha obhekwayo yi-Marriage Act 1964. Izicelo zomshado womphakathi zisebenzisa iFomu BMD3. Ukubhaliswa komshado wamasiko kusebenzisa iFomu BMD4, futhi ulwazi olusemthethweni lwesevisi luthi kudingeka umbhangqwana, ofakazi, ummeleli weNkosi nomuntu ophethe umbala obomvu we-ochre. Lolo lwazi luthi isicelo somshado wamasiko kufanele sifakwe zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-14. Alukho ulwazi oluthembekile olufanayo lwezimali zokubhalisa umshado, ngakho ihhovisi elinesibopho kufanele liqinisekise izindleko zamanje. I-Marriages and Matrimonial Property Bills ka-2022 ayiwona umthetho osebenzayo; i-National Strategy ka-2023 kuya ku-2027 ichaza i-Marriage Act 1964 njengomthetho osabuyekezwa. Isigaba 27 soMthethosisekelo siqaphela ilungelo labesilisa nabesifazane abafinyelele eminyakeni yokushada lokushada nokwakha umndeni. Umshado udinga imvume ephelele nekhululekile yabantu bobabili, kanti isigaba 28 sihlinzekela ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo kwabesifazane. Ulwazi olusemthethweni lwesevisi luthi umshado womuntu ongakafiki eminyakeni yobudala udinga imvume ebhaliwe yabazali bobabili noma yomnakekeli. Izimfuneko eziqondile zokuphatha kufanele zihlolwe kusiphathimandla esinesibopho ngoba isimo esisebenzayo nenqubo kuthinta imibhalo edingekayo. I-Sexual Offences and Domestic Violence Act ibheka ukuqomisana, ukuthembisana, ubudlelwano bamasiko, ukuhlala ndawonye nobunye ubudlelwano bangempela noma obucatshangwayo bothando, obuseduze noma bocansi njengobudlelwano basekhaya; ihlanganisa nobudlelwano banoma ibuphi ubude nalobo obubandakanya ukuhlala ndawonye. Udlame lwasekhaya luhlanganisa ukuhlukumeza ngokomzimba, ngokocansi, ngokomzwelo, ngamazwi noma ngokwengqondo; ukuhlukumeza kwezomnotho; ukusabisa, ukuhlukumeza, ukulandela umuntu ngokungemthetho, ukulimaza impahla, ukungena ngaphandle kwemvume nokulawula noma ukuziphatha okuhlukumezayo. Umyalelo wokuvikela ungavimbela ukusondela, ukuxhumana, ukungena, ukuba sendaweni ethile nokuthola izikhali. Isicelo esiphuthumayo sesikhashana singafakwa emaphoyiseni ngocingo noma ngefeksi. Umyalelo wokuvikela uvame ukusebenza kuze kube yiminyaka emibili, kanti umyalelo okhethekile ungase usebenze kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu. Isijeziso esiphezulu sodlame lwasekhaya ngu-E75,000, ukuboshwa iminyaka engu-15 noma kokubili. Ukusondelana okuhilela ingane engaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 kulawulwa amacala ahlobene nezingane akulo Mthetho. Ubudlelwano bangaphambili noma obukhona abuyona indlela yokuzivikela, futhi imvume ngokuvamile ayisona isivikelo ngaphansi koMthetho. Okuhlukile okuncane kusebenza kuphela uma bobabili bengaphansi kweminyaka engu-18, imvume iphelele futhi ikhululekile, umehluko weminyaka ungeqi kwemihlanu, kanti uMqondisi Wezokushushisa umphakathi enikeza imvume ebhaliwe. I-Royal Eswatini Police Service, Izinkantolo Zemantshi NeziPhakeme, Izinkantolo Zesondlo, i-DPP Domestic and Sexual Offences Unit, kanye nezinsiza zoMnyango WePhini likaNdunankulu Zezindaba Zobulili Nemindeni Nezenhlalakahle zinezindima ezahlukene ekuvikeleni, ekushushiseni nasekusizeni. Ama-One Stop Centres eMbabane, eManzini naseSiteki ahlinzeka ngosizo lokuqala ngokwengqondo, imithi yokuvimbela ukutheleleka ngemva kokuchayeka, ukwelashwa kwezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa nokuhlolwa kobufakazi. Imibiko kahulumeni ichaza izinsiza zezempilo zocansi nezokuzala zombuso njengezimahhala, nakuba uMnyango Wezempilo wabika ukuphazamiseka kwezimpahla ngo-2024/25, ikakhulukazi izindlela zesikhathi eside zokuhlela umndeni. AmaHhovisi Ezenhlalakahle Ezifunda nawezifunda ezingaphansi nama-Tinkhundla angahlinzeka ngezindlela zokuthola ukwesekwa komphakathi. Abukho ubufakazi obusemthethweni bamanje obuthembekile bohlelo oluzinikele lukahulumeni lokuqomisana noma lokwelulekwa imibhangqwana, insiza esemthethweni yokuqomisana nge-inthanethi noma insiza ekhethekile yomphakathi yokwesekwa ngemva kokuhlukana. Ucwaningo lwe-Violence Against Children and Youth Survey luka-2022 lwabika ukuthi u-59.6% wabesifazane no-55.2% wabesilisa abaneminyaka engu-13 kuya kwengu-24 bake baba nomlingani osondelene naye. Lwabika ukuthi u-6.0% wabesifazane no-1.6% wabesilisa bake bashada noma bahlala nomlingani, uma kuqhathaniswa no-10.4% no-2.7% phakathi kwabaneminyaka engu-18 kuya kwengu-24. Kwabesifazane abasebasha abashadile, u-46.8% wathi umlingani noma umyeni wakhe wokuqala wayemdala okungenani ngeminyaka emihlanu. Kubantu ababeke benza ucansi, iminyaka ebikiwe yokuqala yokwenza ucansi yayingu-17.6 kwabesifazane no-16.6 kwabesilisa. Imibiko kazwelonke ithi abalingani bamanje noma bangaphambili babengabenzi bobubi abakhulu ababikiwe ku-31% wamacala odlame olubhekiswe kwabobulili obuthile, kanti amalungu omndeni ayengu-23%; u-63.9% wamacala wenzeka emizini. Amacala odlame phakathi kwabantu abikiwe anda esuka ku-9,102 ngo-2017 aya ku-15,987 ngo-2021, kuyilapho ukungabikwa kwamacala kuseyinkinga. Ukuncika kwezomnotho, ubumpofu, ukungasebenzi, utshwala noma izidakamizwa kanye nezinkambiso zobulili ezilawula abesifazane kungandisa izingozi zobudlelwano.