UMtsetfosisekelo ungumtsetfo lomkhulu waseSwatini. Wakha luhlelo lwemandla embuso lapho tinhlangano tembuso talamuhla tisebenta khona eceleni kwetikhungo tesintfu nemtsetfo nemasiko emaSwati. Umusho lotsi Swazi law and custom usho imitsetfo, imikhuba netiphatsimandla tesintfu letatiwako, ikakhulu emiphakatsini yesintfu; umtsetfo lojwayelekile wamaRoma nemaDutch nawo uyincenye yeluhlaka lwemtsetfo. Ifayela le-PDF leMtsetfosisekelo lesemtsetfweni lingahle lisasebentisa ligama lelikadzala lelitsi Swaziland, nakuba umbuso longumtsetfosisekelo unguMbuso waseSwatini. UMtsetfosisekelo uvikela emalungelo ekuphila, inkhululeko yemuntfu, kuvikelwa ekuhlushweni, kulingana, kulalelwa kwelicala ngendlela lelungile, umhlaba kanye nempahla, inkholo, kuveta imibono, kuhlangana, kuhlanganyela, kuhamba kanye nekulunga kwekuphatsa. Nakuphakanyiswa noma kuncishiswa emalungelo ngesikhatsi sesimo lesiphutfumako, kufanele kulandzelwe imitsetfo yemtsetfosisekelo. Takhamuti kulindzeleke kutsi tihloniphe uMtsetfosisekelo nemtsetfo, tivikele timfuno tesive nemalungelo alabanye, tisekele intsandvo yelinyenti nekubusa ngekulandzela umtsetfo, tivikele imphahla yahulumende, tibambisane netinyatselo letisemthethweni tekuphepha kwemmango futsi tivikele imvelo. INkhosi Mswati III yinhloko yembuso yelifa futsi ibitwa nangekutsi iNgwenyama. Emandla ekuphatsa embuso aseNkosini futsi asetjentiswa ngiyo ngco noma ngeKhabhinethi nangabaphatsindvuna. INkhosi ikhetsa Ndvunankhulu eNdvunankhulu eNdlu Yebandla, ivumela imitsetfo, ibita iphinde ivale iPhalamende, yenta imisebenti yetemave emhlaba lechazwa nguMtsetfosisekelo, iphe izigelekece noma tikhashane, futsi ingasebentisa emandla lamtsetfosisekelo laphathelene netimo letiphutfumako, emakhomishini, ku-vusela nakuma-referendum. IngumNdlunkulu Lomkhulu Wemabutfo Amaswati Letekuvikela futsi inguKhomishana Lomkhulu Wemaphoyisa netinsita tekulungisa tigebengu. Russell Mmiso Dlamini ube nguNdvunankhulu kusukela ekubekweni kwakhe nga-3 November 2023. IKhabhinethi yakhiwa nguNdvunankhulu, iSekela laNdvunankhulu nabaphatsindvuna, kantsi Tikhulu Letinkhulu tekuphatsa tihola kuphatfwa kwematiko, bese Ummeli Jikelele uniketa hulumende seluleko lesikhulu semtsetfo. IPhalamende yakhiwa yiSenethi neNdlu Yebandla. INkhosi nePhalamende kanyekanye ngilo ligunya lelisemtsetfweni lelisetulu lekwenta imitsetfo. ISenethi ingaba nemalunga langu-31, kantsi emalunga langu-2/3 akhetfwa yiNkhosi. INdlu Yebandla ingaba nemalunga langu-76, kuze kufike langu-60 akhetfwa ngetinkhundla, kantsi emalunga laphakatsi akhetfwa yiNkhosi. Imvume yeNkhosi iyadzingeka kuze umtsetfo usebente. Tabelomali nemitsetfo yekwabiwa kwemali kuphatfwa kakhulu yiNdlu Yebandla. IPhalamende yenta imitsetfo, imele imiphakatsi futsi ibuke umsebenti wembuso. Ivame kuhlangana lokungenani kanye ngemnyaka; iPhalamende ye-12 beyiseseshini yayo yesitsatfu nga-2026. Emadokhumenti e-Order Papers, Hansard, imibiko yemakomidi neVotes and Proceedings agcina imibhalo yemsebenti wePhalamende letfolakala emphakatsini. Tinkantolo titimele ngekwemtsetfosisekelo. INkantolo Lenkhulu yiNkantolo yekugcina yekwehlulela emacaleni lafakiwe futsi iphindze iphatse kuchaza uMtsetfosisekelo nekubeka liso etinkantolo letingaphansi kwayo. INkantolo Lephakeme ilalela emacala ekucala nalafakiwe, kantsi Tinkantolo Tebomantji tivame kuba tindzawo tekucala tekuvulela emacala. Tikhungo letikhetsekile tifaka ekhatsi INkantolo Yetetimboni, INkantolo Yekwehlulela Tinkantolo Tetimboni, INkantolo Yetentengiselwano neNkantolo Yemacala Lamancane. Tinkantolo Tavelonkhe TemaSwati naletinye tinkantolo tesintfu tiphatsa tindzaba letibuswa ngumtsetfo nemasiko emaSwati. INkhosi ikhetsa emajaji etinkantolo letisetulu ngeseluleko seKhomishani Yetemisebenti Yekwahlulela, kantsi leKhomishani ikhetsa bomantji. Umcondzisi Wetekushushisa Emacaleni wengamela kumangalelwa kwemacala embuso ngekutimela, abonisane naMmeli Jikelele ngetindzaba tekuphepha kwavelonkhe. Kufinyelela enkantolo kwentiwa ngamahhovisi ekubhalisa emacala, futsi lusito lwemtsetfo nekuhumusha kungatfolakala; tinkantolo letikhetsekile tinemali netinchubo tato. Swatini inetifundza letine tekuphatsa: iHhohho inemaTinkhundla langu-15, iManzini langu-18, iShiselweni langu-15 neLubombo langu-11, lokwenta emaTinkhundla langu-59 sekaphelele. Alikho lizinga lembuso lelifundza lelitimele. Sifundza ngasinye sineMkhandlu Wesifundza kanye neMphatsi Wesifundza lokhetfwa yiNkhosi ngeseluleko selitiko. Unobhala Wesifundza uyisiphatsimandla lesikhulu semsebenti wahulumende, ohlela aphindze ahlanganise imisebenti yematiko esifundzeni. I-Inkhundla nguhulumende wasekhaya losekela kuniketa tinsita ngekwabelana kwemandla, kuhlela kusuka emphakatsini uye etulu nemaphrojekthi emphakatsini. Likomidi leliphetse le-Bucopho lihlala ngaphansi kweNdvuna YeNkhundla. Tindvuna nemiPhakatsi kusezingeni lelingaphansi kwe-Inkhundla, kantsi tindvuna tisebentisa emandla esintfu. Kuphatfwa kwahulumende wasekhaya wasemadolobheni kuhlakatekile kakhulu. Imikhandlu yabomasipala, imikhandlu yematowni nemabhodi ematowni kusebenta ngaphansi kwe-Urban Government Act 1969 futsi iLitiko Letetindlu Nekutfutfukiswa Kwemadolobha liyengamela kuphatfwa kwako. Kufinyelela etinsiteni tasemaphandleni kuvame kusebentisa tinhlaka temaTinkhundla nebuholi besintfu, kantsi tinsita tasemadolobheni tiphakelwa ngumasipala, i-town noma umbuso lofanele. Tiphakamiso tekuvuselela hulumende wasekhaya nekwehlukanisa emandla tabikwa, kodvwa atikabi luhlelo lolusha loluphelele. IKhomishani Yemsebenti Wavelonkhe iphatsa kubekwa, kunyuswa esikhundleni, kutfunyelwa, kupheliswa kwemsebenti, kucoshwa nekulaywa kwabasebenti bakahulumende. Tikhulu Letinkhulu tiphatsa imisebenti yeminyango. Bantfu kungadingeka baye elikotini lesive, kuphatsweni kwesifundza, eNkhundleni, esigungwini sasemadolobheni noma kumphatsi wesintfu kuye ngensita. Tinkundla tahulumende, ematiko, iminyango, iGazette netinsita te-elektroniki tiniketa lwati neticelo temphakatsi. Kuphatfwa Kwesifundza kuniketa tinsita letifaka ekhatsi umshado wasemshadweni, ema-afidavithi nemsebenti weKomishana Wema-Oaths. Timali netikhatsi tekuphendvula tiyashiyana ngensita; alikho luhlu lunye lwavelonkhe lwemali noma sikhatsi lesisebenta kuto tonkhe tinchubo tahulumende. Imali yahulumende iphatfwa ngeSikhwama Lesihlanganisiwe. Kukhipha imali kuvame kudzingeka kutsi kube nemtsetfo lovumela loko, uMtsetfo Wekwabiwa Kwemali noma sicelo setimali leyengetiwe. Umnyaka wetimali usukela nga-1 April kuya ku-31 March, futsi tilinganiso temnyaka tetfulwa ngaphambi kwekucala kwemnyaka wetimali noma kungakapheli emalanga langu-60 ucalile. Emadokhumenti esabelomali sanga-2026/27 abika imali lebutfwe ngaphandle kwetibonelelo lengu-E31.42 billion, tibonelelo te-E0.474 billion nemali lengu-E31.90 billion leyabelwe kutsi isetjentiswe. Tindleko letivamile betingu-E29.14 billion, tekutfutfukisa betingu-E7.78 billion, kantsi tonkhe tindleko betingu-E36.92 billion, kungafaki kukhokha kabusha sikweleti kwe-E5.33 billion. Kusilela kwesabelomali lokubikiwe bekungu-E5.02 billion, lokulingana na-4.9% we-GDP, kantsi imali yeholo yabasebenti bekungu-E12.44 billion futsi imali ye-SACU leyasetjentiswa bekungu-E11.4 billion. Kuncika emalini ye-SACU, sikweleti sahulumende, kuniketa tinsita kanye nekwehlukaniswa kwemandla kuchaza kubaluleka kwemali yahulumende ekuphileni kwansuku tonkhe. Kutsengwa kwahulumende kulawulwa yi-Public Procurement Act 2011 ne-Public Procurement Regulations 2020, letacala kusebenta nga-24 May 2021. I-Eswatini Public Procurement Regulatory Agency, levame kwatiwa ngekutsi ESPPRA, ilawula luhlelo. Tincwadzi letimemela bantfu kutsenga yahulumende tishicilelwa ngetinkundla letifanele tetimali noma tetender. Tender ngayinye ibeka emadokhumenti, timali netinsuku tekugcina tayo, ngako-ke alukho lusuku lwekugcina lolujwayelekile lolusebenta kuto tonkhe tintfo letitsengwa. UMcwaningimabhuku Jikelele uhlola ema-akhawunti embuso emahhovisini, etinkantolo nasetiphatsimandleni tahulumende. Imibiko yekuhlola ihanjiswa ngeNdvuna Yetetimali iyiswe kuwo omabili emaNdlu ePhalamende, futsi tindleko letingekho emtsetfweni tingala noma tibekwe kubasebenti lababekeke licala. IHhovisi Lemcwaningimabhuku Jikelele lishicilele Umbiko Wecwaningimabhuku Jikelele wanga-2023 kanye nemibiko yeluhlolo lolujulile neyemithetho yanga-2024. IKhomishani Yetekulwa Nekukhohlakala isebenta ngaphansi kwePrevention of Corruption Act 2006, yemukela tikhalo, iphenya kusolwa kwekungcola bese idlulisela emacala kuMcondzisi Wetekushushisa Emacaleni. IKhomishani YemaLungelo Eluntfu Nekuphatsa Kwahulumende, leyatiwa ngekutsi CHRAPA, yemukela tikhalo letibhaliwe letiphathelene nekunyatselwa kwemalungelo, kuphatfwa kabi, kusebentisa kabi emandla nekukhohlakala. Ingakhipha masamanisi yente nalokutfolakele netincomo, kodvwa ingala indzaba lefakwe ngemuva kwetinyanga letingu-12 kusukela esehlakalweni lesifanele. IKhomishani Yebucotfo yengamela timfuneko tekhodi yebuholi, letifaka ekhatsi kumemetela timphahla netikweleti ngaphambi noma kungakapheli tinyanga letisitfupha ucale sikhundla, njalo ngeminyaka lemibili nasewucedza sikhundla kubaphatsindvuna, emalunga ePhalamende, emajaji netikhulu letisetulu letifakiwe kulomgomo. Inkhululeko yekuveta imibono, kuhlangana nekuhlanganyela ivikelwe nguMtsetfosisekelo. IPhalamende ishicilela imibhalo yemitsetfo nekuhlola, kantsi iGazette kufanele ishicilele imitsetfo netimemetelo letitsite letisemtsetfweni. IHhovisi Letindzaba Yahulumende netinkundla tahulumende tekuchumana tenhlalo tisakata lwati lolumayelana netintfo tahulumende. I-Eswatini Communications Commission, noma i-ESCCOM, ilawula tekuchumana nge-elektroniki, kuvikelwa kwedatha, kuphepha kwe-cyber, kusakata, liposi netinsita tekutfumela kanye ne-e-commerce ngaphansi kwe-ESCCOM Act 2013. Tinhlelo temphakatsi, kusakata nemaza omsakato kudzingeka kutsi kube nelayisensi. I-ESCCOM inganiketa tinhlawulo tekuphatsa noma imise noma ihoxise ilayisensi. Lelayisensi yemsakato ivame kuhlala tinyanga letingu-12 futsi kufanele ivuselelwe lokungenani emalanga langu-30 ngaphambi kwekuphela kwayo. Lwati lwemphakatsi luyatfolakala ngekusebentisa emawebhusayithi wahulumende, iPhalamende, iGazette netinsita te-elektroniki, nakuba imithombo lesemthethweni lehloliwe ingakhombisi luhlelo lolujwayelekile lwekulawula kufinyelela elwatisweni lolufana nenkhululeko yelwati. INkonzo Yemaphoyisa YaseSwatini igcina kuthula emphakatsini, ivimbela iphinde ibone bugebengu, ibambe labasolwa futsi ivikele kuphepha kwemphakatsi. Umphatsi Wemaphoyisa uhola kuphatfwa, kuyala nekulaya kwayo. Libutfo Lekuvikela LaseSwatini lihlala likhona, lilawulwa ngekuhleleka futsi alikhetsi luhlangotsi lwetembusave; liphendvula etiphatsimandleni tebantfu labakhetsiwe futsi livikela kutimela nebucotfo bendzawo yelive. Tinsita TaseNdlunkulu Tekulungisa Tigebengu tiniketa kugcinwa lokuphephile, kuhlela, kulungisa nekubuyisela bantfu emphakatsini. Kuphatsa tehlekelele kulandzela i-Disaster Management Act 2006 nge-National Disaster Management Agency, National Emergency Operations Centre, National Disaster Management Council, Emakomidi Ekuphatsa Tehlekelele Tifundza ne-Emergency Task Forces. Tinhlelo tesive, tetifundza netemphakatsi, tinhlelo tecwayiso kusenesikhatsi kanye nesikhwama setehlekelele kusekela kulungela nekuphendvula. I-National Cybersecurity Agency isebenta nemaphoyisa nelibutfo lekuvikela ekuphatseni tingoti te-cyber. Kubhalisela kuba sakhamuti kuphatfwa yi-Citizenship Board, lenganiketa noma isuse kubhaliswa. Lenchubo ifaka ekhatsi kulalelwa nelilungelo lekumelelwa ngumeluleki wetemtsetfo, futsi tindzaba tekuba sakhamuti kulindzeleke kutsi tiphele kungakapheli sikhatsi lesikhulu lesinyanga letisitfupha ngaphansi kweluhlaka loluhloliwe. Tinsita tahulumende, tikhalo nelusito lwekuphepha ngako-ke kuya ngesikhungo lesiphetse kanye nelizinga lapho indzaba ivela khona: litiko lesive, inkantolo, sifundza, i-Inkhundla, sigungu sasemadolobheni, ligunya lesintfu noma sigungu lesikhetsekile sekuhlola.
Live eSwatini
eSwatini ngumbuso lobumbene, lotimele, wentsandvo yelinyenti, lobuswa ngeMtsetfosisekelo weMbuso waseSwatini Act 2005. Umbuso uhlanganisa tinhlangano talamuhla netesintfu kanye nemtsetfo nemasiko emaSwati, kantsi siSwati nesiNgisi tilwimi letisemtsetfweni. INkhosi, iKhabhinethi, iPhalamende lelinemagumbi lamabili, tinkantolo, ematiko, kuphatfwa kwetifundza, emaTinkhundla netiphatsimandla tasemadolobheni kwenta imisebenti leyehlukene yahulumende, kantsi uMtsetfosisekelo uvikela emalungelo lasisekelo uchaze nemisebenti yebantfu.
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