Law in Greece

Greece has a civil-law system. Written rules are organized mainly through the Constitution, codes, statutes, regulations, and European Union law rather than through court precedent alone. The Constitution is the country’s highest national legal foundation. It defines state institutions, protects fundamental rights, and limits how public authorities may act. Parliament passes legislation, while the government and public bodies issue rules within powers given by law. Municipalities and other authorities can also make decisions in their assigned fields. European Union law is an important part of the system. It can affect employment, consumer rights, business, residence, data protection, and many other areas. Civil courts deal mainly with private disputes, including contracts, property, family matters, and compensation claims. Criminal courts decide whether an offence was committed and what legal consequence follows. Administrative courts examine many disputes between individuals or businesses and public authorities. Greece also has higher courts with specialized roles, including the Council of State, the Court of Cassation, and the Court of Audit. A case commonly begins with documents, a formal application or lawsuit, notification to the other side, and scheduled hearings. Evidence, written submissions, procedural rules, and appeal rights can all shape the result. Greek is the working language of authorities and courts. Foreign documents may require an accepted translation and proof of authenticity before an authority will use them. Not every problem should go directly to court. Negotiation, a formal written complaint, mediation, an ombudsman, or an administrative objection may offer a more suitable first route.