Hungarian substantive criminal law is mainly organized around the Criminal Code, commonly called the Büntető Törvénykönyv or Btk. It describes prohibited conduct and the legal consequences that may follow. Criminal procedure, called büntetőeljárás, governs investigation, prosecution, trial, evidence, and remedies. Procedural safeguards apply alongside the powers of police, prosecutors, and courts. The police commonly investigate, while the prosecution service directs or supervises important parts of criminal prosecution and brings charges where appropriate. Courts independently decide criminal responsibility and sanctions. A suspect or accused person has defense rights, including access to legal assistance and protection against forced self-incrimination. The exact rights and duties depend on the person's formal role and stage of proceedings. A defense lawyer is called a védő. In some cases representation is compulsory, while in others the person may choose whether to appoint counsel. Victims may report offenses, provide evidence, receive information, and exercise procedural rights. Some may also pursue compensation connected with the criminal case or through a separate route. Witnesses must generally cooperate lawfully and tell the truth, but protections may apply in sensitive situations. A witness should clarify their status before answering questions that might expose them to criminal responsibility. Penalties and other measures depend on the offense and circumstances. Criminal records, detention, property seizure, travel, employment, and immigration status can all be affected.
Criminal law in Hungary
Criminal law in Hungary defines offenses, penalties, and the process for investigating and judging suspected crime. Police, prosecutors, courts, defense lawyers, victims, and witnesses have different roles. A person accused of an offense is presumed innocent unless guilt is established through lawful proceedings.
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