The Constitution establishes national sovereignty, the republican form of government, the separation and balance of powers, and public rights and freedoms. The President is Head of State, guarantees the Constitution and territorial integrity, ensures the execution of laws and serves as Supreme Commander of the armed forces. The Vice-President and Government assist executive action, while the Prime Minister coordinates the Government; ministers are responsible to the President. Parliament is bicameral. The Assemblée nationale and the Sénat make laws, authorize taxation, scrutinize the Government and evaluate public policies. Members of the Assemblée nationale serve five-year terms. The Sénat represents territorial communities and Ivorians living outside Côte d’Ivoire; two-thirds of its members are indirectly elected and one-third are appointed. The Conseil constitutionnel reviews constitutional conformity, regulates relations between public institutions and handles presidential and parliamentary disputes. The Conseil d’Etat reviews the legality of administrative acts and hears disputes involving public bodies. The Cour de Cassation is the highest judicial court for civil, commercial, social and criminal law. The territorial system combines State administrative districts with elected local authorities. The administrative chain runs from the autonomous district to the region, department, sub-prefecture and village. The territorial communities are regions and communes. The current network comprises 31 regions, 201 communes and two autonomous districts: Abidjan and Yamoussoukro. A district governor, prefect or sub-prefect represents State authority and does not perform the same role as a mayor or regional council president. The Ministry of Interior and Security coordinates these administrative divisions and supervises prefects and sub-prefects. Mayors and municipal councils manage local services, while regional councils lead regional development. People usually access public administration through a prefecture, sub-prefecture, town hall, civil-status centre, competent ministry or public portal. The correct office depends on the procedure, territorial competence, legal status, residence, nationality or other user status. Civil registration, identification, immigration and emigration, religious affairs, archives and decentralization are among the areas handled through the Ministry of Interior and related services. Online administration is expanding, but coverage and reliability vary by territory. Fees, taxes, duties and processing times depend on the specific act; there is no single national tariff or deadline for access to the State. Public finance follows a programme-budget system introduced in 2020, combining multi-year planning with performance indicators and annual budget laws. Parliament votes on the finance law and consents to taxation. The Ministry of Budget and State Portfolio prepares, executes and monitors the State budget, while the Treasury manages public accounting. Local authorities finance their activities through own revenue, State subsidies and allocated shares of taxes. The Cour des comptes examines public accounts, management faults and performance involving the State, public establishments, local authorities and publicly financed bodies. Oversight is divided by subject. The Parlement controls the Government, the Conseil constitutionnel protects the constitutional order, the Conseil d’Etat reviews administrative legality, and the Médiateur de la République receives and mediates administrative complaints. The Autorité Nationale de la Presse, or ANP, regulates printed and digital information, while the Haute Autorité de la Communication Audiovisuelle, or HACA, regulates audiovisual communication, licences, frequencies, pluralism and equitable access. Official information comes from the Presidency, Government, ministries and local authorities, alongside public and private media and community radio. Security responsibilities are also divided. The President commands the armed forces, and the Ministry of Defence directs defence policy and the Forces Armées de Côte d’Ivoire. The FACI comprises the Army, Air Force, Navy and Special Forces. The Gendarmerie Nationale is a military force under the Ministry of Defence with administrative, judicial and military police duties. The Police Nationale and civil protection operate under the Ministry of Interior and Security. Police, gendarmerie and civil-protection services provide local access for emergencies, while the armed forces protect territorial integrity and respond to defence tasks. Public authorities must act within their legal competence, respect continuity and accountability requirements, and protect rights and freedoms while enforcing laws and public order.
State in Ivory Coast
The State in Ivory Coast is organized as the unitary Republic of Côte d’Ivoire under the Constitution of 2016, amended in 2020. The President, Government, Parliament, courts and public administration exercise different constitutional functions. State services operate nationally and through regions, communes, prefectures and sub-prefectures, while public finance, oversight, media regulation and security each have designated institutions.
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