Transport in Kosovo

Kosovo's road network includes 137 km of completed motorways, 22 km under construction, 753 km of national roads and 1,495 km of regional roads. Municipalities manage local urban and rural roads. In 2025, 546,551 motorized and non-motorized vehicles were registered, an increase of 5.34% from 2024. The same year saw 24,150 road traffic accidents, including 100 fatal accidents and 8,842 accidents with injuries, alongside 785,107 traffic penalties. Interurban buses are the main nationwide public transport option. The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport publishes schedules linked to companies and municipalities, and bus stations provide access for licensed bus companies. Schedule approvals normally apply for one year. Fares and availability depend on the connection and provider; Kosovo has no centrally verified nationwide fare table. International bus services and permits cover connections with countries including Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Italy, Luxembourg, Türkiye, Sweden and Belgium. Urban bus services are managed by municipalities. In Prishtina, Trafiku Urban operates lines including 1, 1A, 3, 3B, 3C, 4, 7C, 15 and 19, with line 1A serving the airport. From 1 July 2026, Prishtina fares are €0.80 for a physical single ticket and €0.60 digitally; day tickets cost €1.20 physically or €1.00 digitally, weekly tickets €6.00 or €5.00, and monthly tickets €18.00 or €14.50. Physical card delivery can take up to five days, while the digital J.-Karte costs €150. Other municipalities set their own arrangements. Trainkos Sh.A. provides regular daily rail connections on Prishtinë–Pejë–Prishtinë, Fushë Kosovë–Hani i Elezit–Fushë Kosovë and Prishtinë–Shkup–Prishtinë services. Ticket types include one-way, return, discounted and monthly tickets. Train travel remains available but has lower practical relevance than road transport; Trainkos carried approximately 87,000 passengers in 2025, 29% more than in 2024, while recorded rail freight was zero tonnes. Timetables and prices should be checked close to departure. Prishtina International Airport Adem Jashari is Kosovo's principal air gateway. In 2025 it recorded 4,600,484 passengers and 14,981 departures according to aviation authority figures, increases of 13% and 10% from 2024. Basel, Zurich and Düsseldorf were among the main traffic destinations. The Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport handles passenger-rights and complaints concerning passengers with reduced mobility. Different statistical counting methods reported by the national statistics agency produce slightly different totals, so the figures should not be compared as identical series. Vehicle registration is handled through Centers for Vehicle Registration within the Ministry of Internal Affairs. A first registration or ownership transfer generally requires proof of ownership, an identity document, insurance issued no more than 15 days earlier, customs and tax documents, road and environmental taxes, municipal tax and a technical inspection report issued no more than 15 days earlier. Renewal can be requested up to 15 days before expiry. After expiry, a 30-day administrative fee applies for each period specified by the registration rules. Unpaid traffic penalties can block registration, renewal or an ownership transfer. Foreign residents with valid residence status can receive temporary registration for two to twelve months. Driving licences, conversion of foreign licences and international licences follow separate rules under Law 05/L-064. Kosovo drives on the right. The maximum speed is generally 50 km/h in built-up areas, 130 km/h on highways, 110 km/h on motorways, 100 km/h on separated national roads and 80 km/h on other national, regional and local roads unless a different sign applies. Drivers may not hold a mobile phone while driving. Seat belts are required for drivers and passengers, children under 12 may not sit in the front, and children under 135 cm require an appropriate child seat. Driving with more than 0.5 g/kg alcohol is prohibited. Winter equipment is required from 15 November to 15 March, and driving without the required equipment is prohibited during snow or ice conditions. Cyclists should use a cycle lane or shared cycle-and-pedestrian path where available. If none exists, they should use the shoulder or the right side of the carriageway within one metre of the edge. Children under 12 may not cycle on public roads, with limited exceptions from age nine in pedestrian zones, 30 km/h zones and school zones. Front white and rear red lights are required, and reflective clothing is required in restricted visibility. A helmet is required for cyclists under 16. Electric scooters may be used on public roads from age 16, but not on sidewalks; they may carry no additional passenger, and their speed is limited to 25 km/h on roundabouts and cycle paths. Pedestrians should use sidewalks or footpaths, walk on the left side outside built-up areas when no path exists, use marked crossings and carry reflective equipment or lighting in poor visibility. Transport emissions and fleet growth are national environmental concerns, but a reliable current nationwide emissions series was not identified. The National Energy and Climate Plan assumes that alternative fuels could reach 10% by 2030, including approximately 2% electric passenger cars and 5% petrol hybrids; these are planning assumptions, not current fleet measurements. Rail freight currently contributes little to a shift away from road transport. Schedules, fares, municipal services, border connections and traffic conditions can change, so the responsible municipality, company, Trainkos, airport authority or ministry should be checked before travel.