Criminal law in Latvia

Latvian criminal law identifies acts treated as criminal offences and the possible forms of liability and punishment. The main substantive framework is called the Krimināllikums, or Criminal Law. The Kriminālprocesa likums, or Criminal Procedure Law, governs investigation and court proceedings. Police investigate, prosecutors supervise or direct important parts of the case and bring accusations, and courts make independent judicial decisions. An offence generally requires conduct covered by law together with the required form of fault. Intent, negligence, attempt, participation, self-defence, age, and mental capacity can affect responsibility. A person suspected or accused of an offence is presumed innocent until guilt is lawfully established. Important safeguards include knowing the accusation, using a lawyer, interpretation where needed, presenting a defence, and challenging decisions through available procedures. Procedural status matters because a witness, victim, suspect, and accused person have different rights and duties. A person should ask officials to identify both the status and the document being signed. Victims may report an offence, submit evidence, request information, seek protection, and pursue compensation within or alongside the criminal process where permitted. Support measures can be especially important for children and vulnerable people. Not every case ends with a full trial or imprisonment. Depending on the offence and circumstances, proceedings may end, use a simplified form, involve an agreement, or result in a non-custodial or custodial consequence. Criminal cases depend heavily on exact facts and lawful evidence. Early legal advice is particularly important when liberty, searches, digital devices, violence, or serious accusations are involved.