The state side of politics in Madagascar includes national institutions, ministries, public finance, oversight bodies, security services and territorial authorities. Public administration connects people with the state through ministries, prefectures, districts, communes and fokontany. The election side selects the President, members of the National Assembly, the Senate and territorial representatives. The CENI organizes elections, while courts review disputes according to the type of election. Voting requires Malagasy citizenship, age 18 or older, civil and political rights, registration on the electoral roll and identity verification at the polling station. These two areas are connected: state institutions exercise public authority, while elections determine who receives constitutional and territorial mandates. The current constitutional situation must also be read alongside the transition that began after the Haute Cour Constitutionnelle found a presidential vacancy on 14 October 2025.
Politics in Madagascar
Politics in Madagascar covers the constitutional order, state institutions, territorial administration and elections. A unitary republic has one national state structure, while a secular republic does not base state authority on a religion. Madagascar's constitutional framework recognizes Malagasy and French as official languages. The transition that followed the Haute Cour Constitutionnelle's finding of a presidential vacancy on 14 October 2025 has not yet replaced that framework with a documented 5e République.
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