Employer in Moldova

The employer works through the CIM, collective employment agreements, internal rules, job descriptions, payroll records, working-time and absence records, disciplinary records and occupational safety records. A unitate is a company, institution or other organisation regardless of ownership, legal form or subordination. The employer assigns the agreed work, evaluates performance, applies workplace discipline, manages operations and can provide training, retraining and further education. Recruitment includes reporting a vacant position to the relevant territorial subdivision of the Agenția Națională pentru Ocuparea Forței de Muncă (ANOFM) within five weeks. Several occupations with the same conditions may be reported together. Job advertisements must use non-discriminatory criteria. After interviews, the employer sends the ANOFM referral sheet and the employer notice. When planned staff reductions are involved, the employer gives each affected employee written advance notice and enables access to pre-dismissal services. A decision on insolvency requires notification to ANOFM within a maximum of five days. Payroll is a continuing compliance task. The employer calculates and withholds wage tax, then submits the IPC21 report to the Serviciul Fiscal de Stat each month by the 25th of the following month. Social contributions are calculated and paid under Law No. 489/1999. For 2026, the standard rates are 24% in the private sector and 29% for many budget entities, while special regimes apply in areas such as IT parks, agriculture and taxi services. Depending on the employer and workers concerned, forms can include IPC21, IU17, TAXI18 and IRM19. CNAS data affects insurance periods and access to social insurance benefits. The 2025 average labour cost was 19,356.3 Moldovan lei per employee per month. Employer social contributions represented 18.2% of the labour-cost structure, while taxes and contributions together represented 30.4%. Moldova had approximately 763,200 salaried employees at the end of 2025 and about 74,590 enterprises, of which 99.7% were small or medium-sized enterprises. These figures describe the national cost and business context; an individual employer’s cost depends on wages, sector, regime and staffing. The employer applies the same criteria to work quality, sanctions and termination decisions and provides equal pay for equal or equivalent work. Discrimination is prohibited on grounds including sex, age, disability, ethnicity, nationality, religion, political views and trade-union activity. Medium-sized and large enterprises periodically provide information about evaluation and classification criteria. A patronat is an employers’ organisation. An employer may establish or join one, while the Confederația Națională a Patronatului din Republica Moldova (CNPM) represents employers in national tripartite social dialogue with the Government and trade unions. Occupational safety and health, commonly referred to locally as SSM, requires hazard and risk assessment, a prevention and protection plan, information and instruction, training, safety instructions, safe equipment and suitable collective or personal protective equipment. The employer organises and pays for these measures. The Inspectoratul de Stat al Muncii (ISM) checks the organisation of SSM, risk assessments, training, protective equipment, equipment safety and accident investigations. A workplace accident is reported immediately to ISM and CNAS, and where applicable to the superior body, the branch or inter-branch trade union and the Agenția Națională pentru Sănătate Publică in cases of acute intoxication. A serious or fatal accident also requires notification to the police and access for labour inspectors. For temporary incapacity, the employer forms a commission within 24 hours with at least three members. The commission prepares its protocol within a maximum of five working days, the employer approves it within 24 hours and a copy reaches ISM within three working days. Government Decision HG 146/2026 introduces occupational-health examinations from 7 November 2026. Examinations cover hiring, periodic review, return to work, the end of occupational exposure and post-exposure situations. The worker receives a Fișa de aptitudine, meaning a fitness-for-work form. The employer pays for the examinations, subject to possible AOAM funding. If a worker pays an entry examination and is found fit, the employer reimburses the full amount within a maximum of one month. Electronic records and reporting are being introduced, and detailed implementation arrangements may still develop. Trade unions are voluntary organisations, with a organizație sindicală primară commonly operating at workplace level. Union representatives receive information, consultation and collective-bargaining rights. The employer has a duty to negotiate and sign a collective employment agreement. An individual dispute can be handled internally and then through the competent court or other procedure. A collective conflict concerns an unresolved disagreement about a collective agreement or collective interests. Conciliation comes first; a strike may follow only after conciliation has been exhausted, for an economic or social purpose, with 48 hours’ notice to the employer. During reorganisation or a change of ownership or legal type, the former and new employer are referred to as cedent and cesionar. Employee representatives receive information and consultation about the reasons, legal and economic consequences and planned measures. Employee views are relevant before measures are taken, and the transition can affect employer identity, continuity and staffing. Contact points for ISM and ANOFM depend on the registered address or workplace, although the core employer rules apply nationally. ISM treats undeclared and under-declared work as a major compliance risk; a 2021 benchmark estimated informal employment at about 22.8%, which is not a current prevalence figure.