Unemployment in Mongolia

A person seeking help can register with the local Хөдөлмөрийн байгууллага or labour exchange. The service may provide job matching, career counselling, an Ejob profile and CV tools, vacancy searches, training, public-work opportunities and information about available programmes. Employment services and placement are generally free. The Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Protection, the General Agency for Labour and Welfare Services, aimag and Ulaanbaatar employment offices, district labour organizations and the Social Insurance General Office share responsibilities according to the service or benefit involved. The official Labour Force Survey and administrative registration do not describe the same population. The survey calculates the unemployment rate as unemployed people divided by the labour force. It recorded 5.3% in the fourth quarter of 2024 and 5.4% in the first quarter of 2025; revised weighting affected Labour Force Survey data for 2019 to 2023. A 2026 ministry figure reported 5.6% and a workforce above 1.46 million. These figures should not be read as the number of people registered with a labour office or the number eligible for an unemployment insurance benefit. For unemployment insurance, the relevant person generally needs to be of working age, able and ready to work, without a job and actively seeking work. Registration with the local employment authority and proof of active job search are part of the access process. Formal benefit eligibility normally requires at least 24 months of total unemployment-insurance contributions, including the last 9 months continuously. A renewed claim normally requires at least 12 months of contributions after the earlier benefit, including the last 3 months continuously. A person who has reached regular old-age pension age, is in actual military service or is serving a final prison sentence is excluded, as is a person dismissed because an old-age or disability pension was established. A child-care exception can apply where the employer became insolvent or was liquidated under Article 9.3. The application goes to the Social Insurance authority on paper or electronically within 4 weeks of the employer's dismissal decision. A justified delay can be accepted for up to 3 months, but late days are deducted from the payment period. The application normally needs the application form, dismissal decision, contribution or insurance record, registration proof from the employment authority, active-job-search certificate and identity and bank details required by the current document list. The Social Insurance authority decides within 14 days after receiving a complete application. The benefit is calculated from the average wage or equivalent insured income during the last 9 continuous contribution months. The rate is 50% for 24 to 59 contribution months, 55% for 60 to 119 months, 60% for 120 to 179 months and 70% for at least 180 months. Payment lasts for 76 working days from the day after dismissal, with public holidays counted as working days, and is transferred monthly to a bank account. The wage base is subject to the ceiling in the Social Insurance Law. Current contributions are 0.6% of the wage base for the employer and 0.2% for the insured employee; the application and employment-service fees are zero. The recipient must continue actively seeking work and must not reject suitable work without a justified reason. The employment or insurance authority must be told when a job begins. The benefit ends when the recipient starts work and mandatory contributions resume, reaches an old-age or disability pension, receives the benefit without justification, enters military service, is imprisoned or dies. Unjustified payments may be recovered or deducted. If a person is dismissed again within 5 months after making new contributions, the remaining entitlement may be paid under the applicable rule. Informal work and self-employment do not automatically create entitlement to the insurance benefit. Herders, self-employed people, cooperatives, employers, students and graduates, and people facing greater barriers to employment may instead use separate employment-support programmes. These can include work preparation, employment training, public works, job placement, entrepreneurship or micro-production support and cooperative assistance. Mongolia's 2026 employment-promotion programme focuses particularly on young people, women and older adults and targets 5,000 low-income households, although access and capacity differ between aimags, Ulaanbaatar and districts. A scheduled amendment for 1 January 2027 would change the average-income period to 12 months and set 55 working days for voluntary dismissal; the current 2026 rules remain based on 9 months and 76 working days.