Family in Montenegro

Montenegro's family framework is based mainly on the Family Law, the Law on Social and Child Protection and the Law on Protection from Domestic Violence. The legal terms porodica, bračna zajednica, vanbračna zajednica, roditeljsko pravo, izdržavanje, usvojenje and hraniteljstvo describe family relationships, parental responsibility, maintenance, adoption and foster care. A long-term vanbračna zajednica can have marriage-like effects for mutual maintenance and property, subject to legal impediments to marriage. Parents jointly hold parental rights. They must care for, raise and educate their children, represent them and manage their property. Parents also have a duty to support their children, while a child has a duty to care for parents who are in need. Adoption creates a parent-child relationship and follows the child's best interests; the child has a right to know about the adoption. Courts and Centres for Social Work assess parental disputes, mediation, guardianship, adoption and maintenance matters. A Centre for Social Work, called Centar za socijalni rad or CSR, is the main public access point for many family services. Montenegro has 13 Centres for Social Work and 12 regional units covering all 24 municipalities. They receive applications and reports, assess eligibility and coordinate material support, child allowance, newborn and childbirth benefits, preschool meal support, special-education support, maternity and parental-leave compensation, counselling, therapy, mediation, foster care, family placement, shelter and community services. The Ministry of Social Welfare, Family Care and Demography oversees the social and family-care framework; the Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Dialogue handles employment and leave matters. Benefit amounts, eligibility and local capacity can change, so the competent CSR or authority must confirm the current position. Family accommodation-foster care requires an application to a CSR, an eligibility assessment, completed training and a provider licence. Placement may use a foster family, an institution or a shelter, depending on the child's needs and the assessed suitability. The reviewed official information lists no fee for the foster-care service, while the provider licence is issued for six years. Current employment guidance provides 98 days of paid maternity leave, including 28 days before and 70 days after birth. Parental leave follows until the child reaches one year and can be transferred after 30 days. One parent may take unpaid childcare leave until the child reaches three years, with health and pension or disability insurance maintained. A proposal for a 14-month arrangement, including two non-transferable months for the father, is not a current entitlement and would apply only after EU accession if adopted. Domestic violence is covered by a dedicated law. Victims can seek psychosocial and legal assistance, social and medical care, accommodation and protective measures such as removal from the home, a restraining order, a ban on harassment or stalking, and mandatory addiction or psychosocial treatment. The SOS line 080 111 111 is anonymous, free and available around the clock. Victims can receive legal aid regardless of their material status. An immediate safety risk should be reported to the police, CSR, SOS line or a shelter; mediation does not replace urgent protection. The 2023 Census recorded 170,247 families. Married couples with or without children accounted for 74.27%, unmarried couples with or without children for 4.33%, mother-and-child families for 17.24% and father-and-child families for 4.16%. Municipal patterns differ, especially for single-person and multi-family households. In 2024 Montenegro recorded 6,977 live births, 6,329 deaths, 2,852 marriages and 853 divorces; the average age at first marriage was 29 for brides and 31 for grooms. These figures describe the population and do not determine an individual family's rights or access to support.