Learning in Mozambique

School education in Mozambique runs through the Sistema Nacional de Educação (SNE). Ensino Primário covers the 1ª to 6ª classe, and Ensino Secundário Geral covers the 7ª to 12ª classe. Attendance is compulsory from the 1ª to the 9ª classe, and public primary education does not charge propinas. Preschool preparation is optional. Vocational learning develops skills for a specific occupation or occupational field through technical education, professional training, workplace learning and recognition of acquired skills. Mozambique does not have an evidenced nationwide equivalent to the German dual apprenticeship model. The closest pathways combine institutions, employers, short or medium courses and validated work experience. Requirements, duration, fees and certificates depend on the qualification, provider and province. Language learning covers Portuguese, Mozambican languages, Língua de Sinais de Moçambique and foreign languages. Portuguese is the official language and the main language of formal schooling, public services and national communication. Local languages support family and community communication, bilingual education and literacy. English is particularly useful for higher education, international work and mobility, while other foreign languages are mainly available through universities and private providers. Higher education is offered by regulated public and private institutions. The main qualification is the Licenciatura, followed by academic or professional postgraduate study. Admission, fees, study schedules, examinations and funding vary by institution, program and study regime. Upskilling includes formal vocational training, adult education, employer and NGO programs, and self-directed learning. Accredited institutions can offer CNQP qualifications at Vocational Certificate Levels 2–5 or individual modules. IFPELAC provides public training, and skills recognition can assess work experience. A suitable learning path therefore depends on the intended qualification, previous education or experience, language needs, available time, location and whether formal recognition is required.