Myanmar's environment has two connected dimensions. Nature includes forests, mountains, dry and sub-humid lands, mangroves, rivers and lakes, grasslands, coasts and small islands. Protected areas include national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, nature reserves, marine national parks and community conservation areas under the 2018 Conservation of Biodiversity and Protected Areas Law. These ecosystems support farming, fishing, forest use and tourism, while habitat loss, illegal wildlife trade, fire and human-wildlife conflict can damage them. Everyday surroundings include access to water, sanitation, electricity, waste collection, drainage, green space and clean air. Conditions differ between cities, rural areas, States and Regions, townships, displacement settings and conflict-affected areas. City Development Committees manage many municipal services, while the Environmental Conservation Department and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation handle environmental governance and project controls. Earthquakes, floods, cyclones, landslides, heat, unsafe buildings, fire, contaminated water and explosive ordnance can alter safety and access. Site rules, fees, permits and seasonal conditions also differ, so environmental conditions in Myanmar require a location-specific assessment.
Environment in Myanmar
The environment in Myanmar includes both natural ecosystems and the everyday surroundings in which people live. Forests, mountains, rivers, coasts and protected areas support farming, fishing, tourism and wildlife. Water, sanitation, electricity, waste services, drainage, air quality and protection from hazards shape daily conditions, but access and safety vary widely by location.
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