Romantic relationship in Nepal

Partners in Nepal may choose each other, elope, or meet through family and community arrangements. Practices differ across regions and communities, and national evidence about everyday dating expectations and relationship length is limited. A romantic relationship itself has no uniform formal legal status, so rights connected to property, maintenance, inheritance or official records do not automatically arise from dating or cohabitation. Marriage is legally distinct from a private relationship. A valid marriage requires free mutual consent, no prohibited degree of kinship, no existing marriage and a minimum age of 20 for both partners. A marriage ceremony or social recognition can be followed by registration at the local level, usually through the Ward or Local Registrar. Both partners generally provide citizenship or identity documents and two passport photographs each. Registration within 35 days is free; late registration can incur a fee. A partner living abroad may use a power of attorney certified through a Nepalese diplomatic mission. The Department of National ID and Civil Registration supports the national registration system. Consent applies to intimacy throughout a relationship. Consent obtained through force, threats, deception, abduction or while a person is unconscious is not legally valid, and consent from a person under 18 is not valid for this purpose. Rape within marriage is also a criminal offence. Domestic violence includes physical, psychological, sexual and economic abuse, including violence involving cohabiting couples or spouses who live separately. Dowry-related and other economic pressure can form part of the abuse. A person facing danger can report orally or in writing to the Nepal Police, the National Women Commission or the local level. The National Women Commission offers 24-hour toll-free support on 1145, including complaint handling, legal and psychological counselling and referrals. Nepal Police Control is 100, and the Women, Children and Senior Citizens Service Directorate has the toll-free number 16600141516. Courts can issue temporary protection, housing, maintenance or treatment orders. In immediate danger, contacting the police or a health facility takes priority. Health facilities and the Ministry of Health and Population provide contraception, sexual-health, STI and HIV, pregnancy and counselling services. Nepal's adolescent health strategy provides for non-discriminatory access for sexually active adolescents, although availability and quality vary locally. Supreme Court decisions protect against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. In 2024, the Department of National ID and Civil Registration instructed local registrars to register marriages involving gender- and sexual-minority couples, but implementation should still be checked with the relevant Ward because the Civil Code remains written in binary terms and practice can be uncertain. Either spouse may seek divorce at any time by mutual agreement. A unilateral divorce can rely on grounds such as at least three years of separation, refusal of maintenance or housing, serious physical or psychological violence, another marriage or sexual relationship, or marital rape. The District Court handles the application and normally first attempts reconciliation. If reconciliation fails, it decides according to the law. The divorce event can then be registered with the Ward or Local Registrar, generally by one of the former spouses. Registration within 35 days is free, while late registration can incur a fee. Maintenance, property and the interests of children depend on the circumstances and the court's decision; parental duties and children's rights continue after divorce.