Dokar laifuka a Nijar

Tsarin dokar laifuka na Nijar ya ginu ne bisa bin doka, alhakin laifin mutum, dokokin yunƙurin aikata laifi da taimakawa, hurumin ƙasa, bincike, shari'a, kariya da ɗaukaka ƙara. Journal officiel de la République du Niger (JORN) ita ce amintacciyar madogara ta wallafawa da fara aiki. Domin ba a samu cikakken kundin dokokin 2026 da aka haɗa ta hanyar tushen hukuma na yanar gizo da ake iya gani ba, ya kamata a duba takardar JORN ta yanzu kafin dogaro da takamaiman lambobin sashe ko iyakar hukunci. Ana iya kai ƙorafi ko rahoto ga Police Judiciaire, Gendarmerie Nationale ko Procureur de la République. Police Judiciaire da Gendarmerie suna tattara bayanai, kiyaye wurin da abin ya faru da shaidu, shirya procès-verbaux sannan su miƙa fayil ɗin ga Parquet, wato ofishin mai gabatar da ƙara. Mai gabatar da ƙara yana yanke shawarar rufe batun ko gabatar da ƙara. Idan doka ta buƙaci binciken shari'a, juge d'instruction ne ke gudanar da shi. Shari'ar laifi na iya wucewa daga ƙorafi ko rahoto zuwa bincike, gabatar da ƙara, information judiciaire, hukunci, ɗaukaka ƙara, sannan—idan an yarda—miƙa pourvoi ga Cour Suprême. Cour Suprême tana duba batutuwan doka da tsarin aiki, ba gaskiyar abin da ya faru ba. Ana iya samun damar sake duba hukunci idan sabon bayani ya jawo babban shakku kan hukuncin. Hukumomin shari'ar laifi sun haɗa da Tribunal d'Instance, Tribunal de Grande Instance, Cour d'Appel da Cour Suprême. Shari'o'in ta'addanci da aikata laifuka masu tsari a ƙetare suna da hukumomi na musamman, ciki har da Pôle Judiciaire Spécialisé da tsarin Cour d'Appel de Niamey da ya dace. Ma'aikatar Shari'a da Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam ta ayyana saurin da sauƙaƙa shari'a a matsayin fifikon 2025–2027, amma babu ingantaccen matsakaicin lokacin ƙasa baki ɗaya da aka kafa. Gabaɗaya, ana iya ɗaukaka ƙarar hukuncin laifi da aka yanke bayan sauraron ɓangarorin biyu cikin kwanaki 10; pourvoi na laifi yawanci yana da wa'adin kwanaki 5. Rubutun tsarin aiki na yanzu da irin hukuncin ne ke ƙayyade yadda wa'adin ya shafa. Agence Nationale de l'Assistance Juridique et Judiciaire (ANAJJ) tana samar da hanyar samun taimakon doka na jama'a. Assistance Juridique tana ba da bayanin kyauta, tura mutum zuwa wurin da ya dace da shawarwari ba tare da gwajin halin kuɗi ba. Assistance Judiciaire na iya samar da lauya ko lauya da kotu ta naɗa da kuma biyan kuɗin shari'a, yawanci bayan an tabbatar da talauci. Waɗanda suka cancanta kai tsaye sun haɗa da ƙananan yara da ake tuhuma ko waɗanda aka cutar a kotun laifi, waɗanda ake tuhuma a gaban Cour d'Assises da wasu nakasassu ko mata da suka fuskanci takamaiman nau'in cin zarafi. Ofisoshin yankin suna Agadez, Arlit, Diffa, Dosso, Konni, Maradi, Tahoua, Tillabéri, Niamey da Zinder, bisa ƙarfin ofishi da nau'in shari'a. Hukunce-hukuncen laifi na iya haɗa ɗaurin kurkuku, tara, ƙwace kaya, kwace dukiya da ƙarin matakai. Tsare mutum kafin shari'a daban yake da hukunci. Shari'o'in yara suna amfani da matakan kariya, ilimantarwa da sake shigar da su cikin al'umma. Yaron da bai kai shekara 13 ba ba shi da alhakin laifi, amma ana iya ɗaukar matakin kariya a kansa; shari'ar masu shekaru 13 zuwa 18 yawanci tana gaban alƙalin yara ko kotun yara, da bincike na wajibi da lauya ko lauya da kotu ta naɗa. Ya kamata a duba tanadin shari'ar yara da jama'a za su iya samu a cikin dokokin 2026 da JORN. Wanda aka cutar zai iya kai rahoto ga Police Judiciaire, Gendarmerie ko Parquet, ya kuma shiga shari'ar laifi ta action civile bisa dokokin tsarin shari'ar laifi na yanzu. Dokokin safarar mutane suna tanadin kariya da taimako na musamman, ciki har da ɓoye sunan mutum da bayanan tsaro. Babu wata hidimar kare shaidu ta ƙasa baki ɗaya da aka tabbatar da kanta. ANAJJ, Direction Générale des Droits de l'Homme, Protection Judiciaire Juvénile da Action Sociale na iya ba da taimakon da ya dace. Dokokin zirga-zirgar hanya da wasu dokokin laifi na musamman na Nijar sun shafi mutuwa da rauni a hanya, tserewa daga wurin hatsari, tuƙi cikin maye ko ƙarƙashin tasirin ƙwayoyi da tuƙi mai haɗari. Dokar laifukan intanet ta shafi shiga ba tare da izini ba, sa ido kan sadarwa, katsalandan, lalata tsarin kwamfuta ko bayanai, zamba da ƙirƙirar takardun bogi ta kwamfuta, shaidar lantarki da yada bayanan lantarki masu cutarwa. Ya kamata a kiyaye shaidar dijital tare da na'ura, bayanan fasaha, bayanan asusu, URL, ranaku da lokuta, da bayanan yadda aka kula da shaidar daga mutum zuwa mutum. Ordonnance 2024-28 ta dawo da hukuncin laifi ga ɓata suna da zagi ta hanyar lantarki, amma alaƙar waɗannan dokoki da kundin dokokin 2026 sai an tabbatar da ita a cikin cikakken rubutun yanzu.