Jiha a Najeriya

Najeriya ƙasa ce mai tsarin tarayya. Wannan yana nufin ana raba iko tsakanin gwamnatin ƙasa, jihohi da ƙananan hukumomi. Jiha tana da alhakin ayyukan jama’a da dama da ke kusa da mutanen da ke cikinta. Kowace jiha tana da gwamna mai jagorantar ɓangaren zartarwa. Gwamnan yana naɗa kwamishinoni kuma yana jagorantar ma’aikatu, sassa da hukumomin jiha. Haka kuma yana gabatar da kasafin kuɗin jiha kuma yana aiwatar da manufofinta. Majalisar Dokokin Jiha tana ƙirƙirar dokokin jiha kuma tana sa ido kan aikin gwamna. Membobinta suna wakiltar mazabu a cikin jihar. Dokar jiha dole ta dace da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya da sauran manyan dokoki. Ayyukan jiha kan haɗa makarantu, asibitoci, hanyoyi, ayyukan ruwa, tallafin noma, dokokin sufuri na jama’a da ci gaban al’umma. Ainihin rabon nauyi na iya haɗuwa da na gwamnatin tarayya da ƙananan hukumomi. An raba jiha zuwa ƙananan hukumomi, waɗanda ake yawan kira LGAs. Majalisun ƙananan hukumomi suna kula da wasu ayyukan yankin da al’amuran al’umma, amma ainihin ikonsu da albarkatunsu na iya bambanta. Don haka gwamnatocin jihohi da ƙananan hukumomi suna buƙatar yin aiki tare. Jihohi suna samun kuɗi ta hanyar rabon kuɗaɗen shiga na tarayya, kuma suna iya karɓar wasu haraji, kuɗaɗen hidima da sauran kuɗaɗen shiga. Ana amfani da kasafinsu wajen albashi, ayyukan gine-gine na jama’a, hidimomi, gudanarwa da ayyukan ci gaba. Najeriya tana da sarakunan gargajiya, kamar emirs, obas da chiefs, a al’ummomi da dama. Suna iya taka muhimmiyar rawa ta al’ada da sasanci, amma ba ɗaya suke da zaɓaɓɓun jami’an jiha ba. ’Yan ƙasa za su iya yin tasiri ga gwamnatin jiha ta hanyar zaɓe, koken rubuce, taron jama’a, ƙungiyoyin al’umma, kotuna, ’yan jarida da ayyukan jama’a na halal. Mataki na farko mai amfani shi ne gano ko matsala tana ƙarƙashin jiha, ƙaramar hukuma ko gwamnatin tarayya.