Politics in Oman

Oman’s political system is based on the Basic Law of the State and is headed by the Sultan. The Sultan serves as head of state and holds broad authority over national direction, executive administration and key state appointments. Government ministries and other public institutions carry out policy and public services under this central system. The Council of Oman has two chambers: the elected Majlis al-Shura and the appointed Majlis al-Dawla, also known as the State Council. Together, they examine proposed laws, public policies and government matters within the powers defined by the Basic Law. The Council of Oman therefore provides consultation and legislative participation, but it does not select a government through a parliamentary majority. Oman is divided into governorates administered through central and local authorities. Municipal councils create an additional channel for local representation and discuss matters affecting services and development in their areas. Political participation therefore takes several forms, including elections for the Majlis al-Shura and municipal councils, consultation through public institutions and engagement with government authorities. The practical balance between these channels depends on the constitutional powers of the Sultan, the role of ministries and the defined authority of each council.