History in Solomon Islands

Human settlement in the northern archipelago dates back more than 30,000 years, while broader summaries of Solomon Islands history often focus on the last 4,000 to 5,000 years. Austronesian and Lapita movements reached parts of the region more than 3,000 years ago, including Santa Cruz and Temotu. Dates and interpretations vary by island, site and research method. The first millennium CE is therefore studied through island-specific archaeology, language history and related evidence rather than through European period labels. Kastom means locally inherited customary knowledge and practice; oral history and kastom knowledge preserve perspectives that may not appear in written records, but researchers still compare them with other evidence. Álvaro de Mendaña made the first recorded European contact in 1568. A Spanish settlement at Graciosa Bay on Nendö began in 1595 and was abandoned in 1596. Dutch and French contacts followed, and Spanish place names remain in parts of the country. During the nineteenth century, missions, trade, introduced diseases and labour trading, often called blackbirding, reshaped communities and relations with outside powers. The British Solomon Islands Protectorate, commonly abbreviated as BSIP, began in 1893 and expanded between 1898 and 1900. Tulagi became its administrative centre in 1896. Political institutions developed through the Advisory Council in 1921, the inclusion of Solomon Islanders in the Council in 1950, the Legislative Council in 1960, the Executive Council in 1967, the Governing Council in 1970 and the Legislative Assembly in 1974. Internal self-government followed in 1976, and Solomon Islands became independent on 7 July 1978. The Guadalcanal Campaign of 1942–1943 involved Japanese and Allied land, sea and air battles. Solomon Islanders served as Coastwatchers, carriers, workers and other local participants. Henderson Field, Bloody Ridge, Iron Bottom Sound, wrecks and memorials remain part of the country's wartime landscape. Access to some sites requires local or community permission. The Tensions were a period of ethnic and political violence, displacement and state and infrastructure crisis from 1998 to 2003. The Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands, known as RAMSI, operated from 2003 to 2017 at the invitation of the government and supported peacebuilding, law and justice, finance and governance. Civil unrest in Honiara from 24 to 27 November 2021 involved looting, fires and a 36-hour lockdown. Reconciliation and interpretation of these events remain active historical concerns. The National Archives of Solomon Islands, or NASI, preserves British Solomon Islands Protectorate records from 1893 to 1978 as well as private and organisational records. Government archives, Parliament timelines, the Constitution, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, church records, military archives, museums, memorials, archaeological research, linguistics, genetics, biographies and community custodians provide additional evidence. The Solomon Islands Historical Encyclopaedia contains more than 700 entries, mainly covering 1893 to 1978, and supplements rather than replaces a complete national chronicle. Colonial records reflect institutional biases, so colonial, Indigenous, church, military and postcolonial perspectives should be distinguished and compared. NASI offers general public access, although finding aids and individual holdings may be restricted. Its reading room is listed as open on Monday, Wednesday and Friday from 8:30 to 16:00, and its office hours are Monday to Friday from 8:00 to 16:30. The reviewed NASI information gives no general fee schedule. Research time depends on the collection and province. Users should protect records, credit custodians and verify claims across sources; there is no general right to excavate sites or access sensitive kastom knowledge.