Apprenticeship in São Tomé and Príncipe

In São Tomé and Príncipe, apprenticeship is commonly described through terms such as formação técnico-profissional, formação profissional and aprendizagem profissional. The system includes formal school-based Cursos Secundários Profissionalmente Qualificantes (CSPQ), provider-based courses and workplace learning. Lei n.º 4/2018 integrates technical and vocational training into the Sistema Nacional de Formação e Aprendizagem Profissional, while Decreto-Lei n.º 45/2012 sets the legal framework for technical and vocational training. Formal CSPQ courses normally cover grades 10 to 12, last three years and lead to both an academic and a vocational certificate. The Centro Politécnico de Formação Profissional Brasil-São Tomé e Príncipe has offered technical courses in administration, computer networks and electrotechnics, with later courses also covering construction, industrial maintenance, auto mechanics, metal structures, banking, insurance and information technology. In 2020/21, CSPQ had 277 learners, including 142 female and 135 male learners. The Centro de Formação Profissional de São Tomé (CFP-STP), the Escola de Hotelaria e Turismo de São Tomé (EHT-STP) and public, private and donor-supported programs provide shorter or modular courses. CFP-STP is based in Budo-Budo and has facilities for electricity and electronics, information technology, carpentry and related practical training. Its Água-Izé site includes residential facilities. EHT-STP focuses on tourism and hospitality, including cooking, pastry, reception, housekeeping, guiding, events, marketing and sustainable tourism. Training can also take place in districts through district councils or in the Autonomous Region of Príncipe through the regional government. The law recognises several forms: iniciação, qualificação, aprendizagem, aperfeiçoamento, actualização, reconversão and especialização. Initial training includes professional initiation, qualification and apprenticeship. Formal apprenticeship combines theory and practical learning at an institution with real work at a company. Aprendizagem tradicional takes place entirely in a real workplace, such as a workshop, and is recognised as full-time practical training. Practical learning is required at every level and may use a real workplace or a simulation. A CFP example in hospital equipment lasts six months and combines theory with work in real facilities. CFP apprenticeship courses commonly last nine to fifteen months. Técnico Administrativo e Secretariado takes about 18 months. EHT projects range from three months to three years, while some Centro Politécnico short courses have historically lasted about three months and integrated technical secondary courses about three years. Modular credits can be accumulated. A vocational certificate may provide access to secondary-level progression under the applicable rules, but it does not automatically provide university admission or a job. Access depends on the course and provider. CFP apprenticeship targets young people seeking a first job and unemployed people, with minimum education commonly ranging from grades 6 to 8 depending on the field. Applicants may receive career guidance through SIOP and complete a motivation or aptitude interview. In a 2025 electricity-installation course, 50 applicants competed for 18 places, including 16 selected from São Tomé and 2 from Príncipe. Programs also serve adults, employed workers, women with family responsibilities and people without formal qualifications. No single nationwide admissions portal has been established. Training may be governed or supervised by the Ministério do Trabalho, Solidariedade e Segurança Social through the Direcção do Trabalho, Emprego e Formação Profissional and CFP-STP, or by the Ministério da Educação, Cultura e Ciência through the Direcção do Ensino Secundário e Técnico-Profissional and ANAACE. Providers, employers, the state, local authorities and learners may share financial responsibility. Access rules and fees therefore differ by course and funding program. A historical EHT dual-course fee followed a national guideline of about EUR 16 per month, while a 2017 Centro Politécnico report mentioned a symbolic fee; current nationwide fees are not established. CFP apprenticeship includes accident insurance and a Certificado de Formação Profissional. A completed course generally produces a certificate naming the training, provider and, where applicable, the qualification level or occupational profile. EHT reported 1,746 certificates from short and vocational courses by 13 December 2024, including courses under Programa Família in business creation and catering. Practical outcomes may include an internship, self-employment or recruitment by an employer, but providers do not guarantee employment. ACPE, or Apoio à Criação do Próprio Emprego, supports some routes into self-employment. Apprenticeship is also relevant later in life. CFP-STP and EHT explicitly include adults, employees and unemployed people. A Budo-Budo plan for 2025 covered 32 activities for 576 young and adult participants, and a 2026 fire-safety course provided 60 hours of training for 18 participants. Tourism and hospitality receive particular attention because tourism is a priority growth and employment sector. Industrial maintenance, renewable energy and hospitality training have also been supported through external cooperation, including 100 vocational scholarships in Cabo Verde for 2024–2025. The labour market is small and fragile, and many young people are outside employment, education or training. Apprenticeship therefore offers several practical entry routes, but the best option depends on the desired occupation, previous schooling, course length, certificate, location and whether the course includes a real employer placement. Training in Príncipe can use the regional administration and local delivery arrangements, but no separate Príncipe qualification system is established in the available evidence.