Housing in Vatican City

Vatican City has an established but highly restricted housing function. The main local terms are residenza, meaning authorized residence, autorizzazione a risiedere, meaning permission to reside, and alloggio, meaning an assigned dwelling. Housing is primarily connected with an official position, service to the Holy See or Vatican City State, a Church-related institution, or an authorized family relationship. The documented resident population was 882 people on 31 December 2024. Eligible applicants can include officially authorized service personnel, people authorized by the Pope, and spouses or children of Vatican citizens who prove the family relationship. A Cardinal Secretary of State decides cases connected with the Holy See or an associated institution; the Cardinal President of the Governatorate is responsible in other cases. Competent Vatican administrations assign available dwellings. The Governatorate is the central administrative body, while the Direzione Infrastrutture e Servizi deals with real estate, planning, construction, maintenance and technical systems. The legal framework includes the Law on Citizenship, Residence and Access of 22 February 2011 and Articles 3 to 5 and 9 of the Lateran Treaty. Italian housing law does not automatically govern a dwelling inside Vatican City because the Vatican City State has its own sovereignty and property authority. The available material documents concessions of use, not a general way to purchase a dwelling. It also does not document a public application process for the general population. No official public figures were found for rent, deposits, purchase prices, application fees, allocation criteria or processing times. Internal conditions may depend on the relevant office or institution. No general housing benefit, social-housing scheme, broker-led private rental service or self-directed rental market has been documented within the Vatican City State. A concession can be revoked with reasonable advance notice and, for justified reasons, immediately. The competent authority can also order a change of dwelling with advance notice. Revocation of the dwelling normally causes revocation of residenza unless a different arrangement is ordered. Citizens and residents may not accommodate additional people in a concessioned dwelling without permission from the Cardinal President. Unauthorized accommodation can lead to a fine of EUR 10,000 to EUR 25,000, suspension of the concession for at least six months and at most three years, or revocation under Decree No. 710/2024. Housing and residence can end when a person gives up residenza, loses authorization to reside, leaves the relevant office or service, or loses the dwelling concession. A temporary stay outside Vatican City does not by itself end residenza when the dwelling remains available and there is no demonstrated abandonment.