Mutemo wehurumende muZimbabwe

Bumbiro ndiro hwaro hwepamusoro hwemutemo. Acts dzinotonga nyaya dzakananga; Roman-Dutch common law inopa misimboti yenhoroondo yemutemo wepachivande. Mutemo wetsika unozivikanwawo, asi mashandisirwo awo anogona kusiyana nemapurovhinzi, matunhu nenharaunda dzetsika. Mutemo unoshanda ungadaro uchitsamira panyaya, mapato, rudzi rwevhu kana muchato uye sangano rine basa. Kukwanisa kuita zvinhu zviri pamutemo kunowanzotanga munhu ava mukuru, ari makore 18 muZimbabwe. Makambani nemamwe masangano anogona kuva nekodzero nemabasa pasi pemutemo wakaumba kana kuadzora. Mwana kana munhu asingakwanisi kutarisira nyaya dzake dzepamutemo angada guardian kana curator bonis, kureva munhu anogadzwa kutarisira pfuma kana mari yake. Izvi zvinokanganisa zvibvumirano, kuva muridzi, kumhan'ara nedzidziso yenhaka. Zvibvumirano zvinogona kuva zvomuromo kana zvakanyorwa kunze kwokunge mutemo kana rudzi rwechibvumirano ruchida imwe nzira. Kutengesa, lease, chikwereti nesuretyship zvinogadzira kodzero nenjodzi dzakasiyana. Kutengesa kana kutamisa pfuma isingazungunuswi kunowanzoda magwaro epamutemo, conveyancing nokunyoresa. Zvichienderana nokutyora chibvumirano nemashoko acho, dare rinogona kurayira kuti chiitwe, chikanzurwe, zvakagamuchirwa zvidzorerwe kana muripo ubhadharwe. Nguva yakajairika yokutsvaga kodzero mudare makore matatu; bills kana zvibvumirano zvenotary zvinowanzova nemakore matanhatu, mortgage nezvikwereti zvomutongo wedare kazhinji makore 30. Kodzero dzepfuma dzinoenderana zvikuru nerudzi rwokubata ivhu. Freehold kana leasehold yakanyoreswa inonyorwa kuDeeds Registry uye inogona kugadzira kodzero yepfuma inoshanda kune vamwe. Dzimwe nzira dzinosanganisira permits dzevhu reHurumende kana rekurima, offer letters, kodzero dzevhu reA1 neA2, kugara kwetsika panyika yenharaunda nema lease ane makore 99. Chibvumirano chepachivande chisina kunyoreswa chinogona kugadzira kodzero dzechibvumirano pasina kugadzira kodzero yepfuma yakanyoreswa inotarisirwa. Kutamisa, cession, assignment, kuisa chibatiso nekutora nzvimbo yevhu rekurima zvinogona kuda mvumo yemukuru weHurumende kana imwe mvumo yepamutemo. Kutengeserana kwevhu kungadawo conveyancer kana notary, survey, kunyoresa nemvumo yekanzuru. Mutemo wemhuri unoziva michato yehurumende, michato yetsika, kubatana kwetsika kwakanyoreswa nemacivil partnership pasi pemutemo unoshanda. Marriages Act 2022 ndiyo hurongwa hukuru hwemutemo. Muchato wehurumende une murume kana mukadzi mumwe chete; muchato wetsika unogona kuva newanano yevakawanda kana kugona kuva nayo. Michato yakanyoreswa ine chinzvimbo chepamutemo chakaenzana, uye mutemo mukuru haubvumiri munhu kuva nemuchato wehurumende netsika panguva imwe chete. Zera diki remuchato i18, uye Bumbiro rinorambidza muchato wevanhu vane murume mumwe chete. Kubatana kwetsika kusina kunyoreswa kunogona kukonzera makakatanwa epfuma, rutsigiro kana mipiro yakagoverwa pasina kungopa migumisiro yose yepamutemo yemuchato wakarongeka. Kurambana nokugovera pfuma zvinowanzoitwa neHigh Court; kurambana kwemuchato wetsika kuri musimba reMagistrates Court pasi pemitemo inoshanda. Nhaka yomunhu akafa inotarisirwa neMaster of the High Court kana Magistrates Court ine basa. Maitiro anowanzobatanidza death notice, rondedzero yezvinhu, kugadzwa kweexecutor kana administrator uye liquidation and distribution account. Death notice inofanira kuendeswa mukati memazuva 14. Wiri inobatwa pasi peWills Act; nhaka isina wiri inobatwa pasi peDeceased Estates Succession Act pamwe nemitemo yakakodzera yecommon law kana yetsika. Mudzimai kana murume angava nekodzero yenhaka inosanganisira imba yewanano nezvinhu zvemumba. Hapana munhu anofanira kuzvitorera pfuma yenhaka oita zvaanoda. Mari yevana kana vadyi venhaka vasipo inogona kuchengetwa muGuardian's Fund. Kunyoresa nhaka kwakanyorwa sekusina muripo; nguva yokutarisira inoenderana nenhaka nehofisi iri kuibata. Mutoro wehurumende unowanzobva kudelict, mutemo wezviito zvinokuvadza vamwe. Anokumbira muripo anowanzofanira kuratidza chiito kana kusaita chisiri pamutemo, mhosva yakadai sokusangwarira, chikonzero chakabatanidza chiito nokukuvadza, uye kurasikirwa. Zvikumbiro zvinogona kuva zvokukuvara kwomuviri, kurasikirwa nepfuma kana kukuvadzwa kusiri kwepfuma. Kurasikirwa nemari chete kunoda kuongorora kwakasiyana kwechisungo chemutemo nemutemo weveruzhinji. Chikumbiro chinogona kubva kudelict kana muchibvumirano; mhinduro dzinosanganisira muripo, interdict kana chirevo chedare. Mhosva yematsotsi yakaparadzana nechikumbiro chehurumende kunyange chiito chimwe chete chingava nechose zviri zviviri. Makakatanwa ehurumende anogona kunzwa muHigh Court, Magistrates Court kana dare rine basa rakasarudzika rakaita seChildren's Court. Constitutional Court neSupreme Court zvinobata Bumbiro nokukwidza mitongo; High Court inewo simba guru rematare ehurumende rokutarisira vamwe. Munhu anokumbira anogona kushandisa summons, court application, interdict, declarator, review kana urgent chamber application zvichienderana negakava nemhinduro yaanoda. High Court Rules 2021 neCivil Evidence Act zvinokanganisa maitiro nouchapupu. Judicial Service Commission inotarisira matare; Registrars, Sheriff of Zimbabwe neMessenger of Court vanoita mabasa emaitiro nokumanikidza kutevedzera mutongo. Mutongo wedare hauunganidzi mari kana pfuma woga. Kutevedzera kungada writ of execution, kubata pfuma, kuunza pfuma, kudzingwa, garnishee proceedings kana kutengesa pakumanikidza. Registrar weHigh Court ndiye anopa writ kuSheriff. Pafuma isingazungunuswi, maitiro anowanzotanga aongorora kana pfuma inozungunuka isingakwani asati abata pfuma. Munhu wechitatu anoti pfuma yakabatwa ndeyake anogona kushandisa interpleader kana nzira yokupikisa. Kutengesa kwatenderwa nedare kungava kwakaoma kudzosera. Kumisa kutevedzwa, rescission kana interdict zvinowanikwa chete nezvikonzero zvinobvumirwa nemutemo. Kusungwa kwehurumende kune miganhu yemutemo neBumbiro uye hakugoni kushandiswa nokuti munhu haakwanisi chete kuzadzisa chisungo chechibvumirano. Mari dzokufaira, kuendesa magwaro, execution, kunyoresa, conveyancing nemabasa enyanzvi dzinosiyana nenzira negakava. Mari dzegweta nouchapupu hwenyanzvi zvinogona kukanganisa mutengo wegakava zvikuru. Legal Aid inogona kuwanikwa kana munhu asina mari yakakwana, aine zvikonzero zvine musoro uye chido kana rubatsiro runokodzera; dzimwe nguva angabhadhara chikamu. Kugadzirisa gakava kwetsika kuburikidza namambo kana dare retsika kungafanotungamira kana kufambirana nedare, asi simba nemigumisiro yacho zvinoenderana negakava nemitemo inotonga.