Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC) inogadzira, inoita uye inotarisira sarudzo dzePresident, Parliament, mapurovhinzi, metropolitan, hurumende dzemunharaunda nemadzishe. Mabasa ayo anosanganisira mapepa okuvhota, nzvimbo dzokuvhotera, kudzidzisa vavhoti, kubvumira vacherechedzi, kurayira vakuru vesarudzo nokugamuchira zvichemo zvevanhu. Pasi peconstitutional amendment ya2026, Registrar-General ndiye anopiwa basa rekunyoresa vavhoti nemarejista avo; Delimitation Commission inoisa miganhu yesarudzo. Zvimwe zviga zveElectoral Act zvichiri kushandisa tsananguro dzekare dzemasangano, saka chiziviso chesarudzo chaiyo nemirayiridzo yazvino ndizvo zvinotara maitiro anoshanda. Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 20) Act, 2013 neElectoral Act [Chapter 2:13] ndizvo zvinopa hwaro hukuru hwemutemo. Constitution Amendment Act (No. 3), Act 6 of 2026, yakabudiswa muGazette musi wa7 July 2026 uye mudhatabhesi remutemo yakanyorwa seyakanga yatanga kushanda. Veritas inopikisa kuti yakaiswa musimba zviri pamutemo here nokuti section 328 inoda referendum. Gakava iri rinokanganisa nzira yokusarudza President, mabasa emasangano nenguva yesarudzo; saka tarisa proclamation nezviziviso zvepamutemo zvesarudzo imwe neimwe. Pasi peMutemo wa2026, President anofanira kusarudzwa pamusangano wakabatana weSenate neNational Assembly panzvimbo pokuvhoterwa zvakananga nevanhu, uye anoda inopfuura hafu yemavhoti anoshanda. Kana pasina anosvika pachiyero ichi, vanhu vaviri vakawana mavhoti akawanda vanoenda kumutambo wechipiri. Mutemo unopawo vanhu gumi vanogadzwa kuva President nenhambo yemakore manomwe yePresident neParliament; kana shanduko dzichiri kushanda, sarudzo yenguva dzose inotevera inotarisirwa muna2030, asi zuva chairo richaziviswa neproclamation inotevera. Zvigaro zveParliament nezvemunharaunda zvinoramba zvichishandisa hurongwa hwakasiyana. Zvigaro zveconstituency zveNational Assembly nezvecouncillor zvekanzuru zvinoshandisa first-past-the-post. Muukama hwemuna2023, zvigaro 60 zvequota yevakadzi ne10 zvequota yevechidiki muNational Assembly zvakashandisa proportional representation; Senate yaiva nezvigaro 60 zveproportional representation zvemapurovhinzi pamwe nezvigaro zvemadzishe nezvevanhu vakaremara. Zvigaro zvemakanzuru emapurovhinzi nequota yevakadzi yemakanzuru emunharaunda zvinoshandisawo proportional representation. Munhu anovhota anofanira kuva mugari wemuZimbabwe ane makore 18 zvichikwira kuti anyorese. Kunyoresa kunowanzobatanidzwa neconstituency kana ward. Chitupa chinogamuchirwa chinosanganisira pasipoti yeZimbabwe inoshanda, National Registration identity document kana rezinesi rokutyaira rine nhamba yenyika yokunyoresa. Uchapupu hwokugara hunogona kuva demand yemitero kana levy, demand yemagetsi, affidavit yomushandirwi, bank statement, bhiri rechipatara, hamvuropu ine postmark, chirevo chamambo, headman kana village head kana chirevo chomuridzi wenzvimbo. Kunyoresa nokuvhota hazvina muripo. Mushure mechiziviso chevanhu, vavhoti vanogona kuongorora voters' roll vopa zvikumbiro kana kugadzirisa kuburikidza nehofisi yokunyoresa yakataurwa. Sarudzo isati yaitwa, President anobudisa proclamation kana chimwe chiziviso chinodiwa nomutemo; miganhu inogona kugadziriswa, vanokwikwidza vanoendesa mazita kumukuru wokugamuchira mazita uye vangabhadhara mari yakatarwa yokukwikwidza nokutevera mitemo yemari yemakampeni. Mapato nevanokwikwidza vanogona kugadza vamiririri pazviteshi zvokuvhotera. Vacherechedzi vanoda kubvumirwa, uye dzidzo yevavhoti inotsanangura maitiro. Zimbabwe haina kuvhota kwevanhu vanogara kunze kwenyika kwakajairika. Kuvhota netsamba kunongobvumirwa kune vavhoti vakanyoreswa vari muzvikamu zviri mumutemo, zvakadai semauto kana vashandi vesarudzo vari pabasa pazuva resarudzo, vashandi vehurumende vari kunze kweZimbabwe nevakaroora vanovaperekedza. Chikumbiro chetsamba chinoda fomu yakatarwa, kopi yakasimbiswa yechitupa chenyika uye uchapupu hwebasa; nguva yokupedzisira inobatanidzwa nezuva rokugadza mazita. Pachiteshi chavakanzi vashandise, vakuru vanoongorora chitupa chemuvhoti nokupinda kwake parejista vasati vapa bepa rokuvhota. Vhoti yakavanzika. Rubatsiro rwokuvhota runowanikwa kuvanhu vakaremara kana vane zvimwe zvinodiwa zvakakosha pasi pemitemo yechiteshi. Nguva dzokuvhota nokuwedzerwa kwadzo kana paine kunonoka kwezvinhu zvinoenderana nechiziviso chesarudzo. Vavhoti vanogona kutsigira vakwikwidzi kana mapato vakasununguka; kupa chiokomuhomwe, kunyepedzera kuva mumwe, kumanikidza, kutyisidzira nedzimwe nzira dzisina kunaka zvinorambidzwa. Mitemo iripo haina kuratidza chisungo chakajairika chokuvhota. Vakuru vanoverenga mavhoti pachiteshi paine vamiririri vevakakwikwidza kana mapato uye vanozadza return yechiteshi. Zvinobuda zvinobatanidzwa pa constituency kana ward zvisati zvaziviswa nesangano rine simba. Makopi ema return nokuvapo kwevamiririri zvinopa nzira dzokutarisa kuverenga. Nhamba dzevanovhota nedzerejista dzinosiyana nesarudzo. Munhu anofunga kuti mutemo wesarudzo wakatyorwa anogona kutanga kushandisa nzira yechichemo yeZEC. Electoral Court iElectoral Court Division yeHigh Court; chikumbiro chokupikisa sarudzo chinowanzofanira kuendeswa mukati memazuva 14 kubva pakupera kwenguva yesarudzo, uye mari yokuchengetedza mari yematare inowanzofanira kubhadharwa mukati memazuva manomwe kubva pakuendesa chikumbiro. Kutyora mutemo kana kusazvibata kwesarudzo kunogona kuita kuti sarudzo idzime uye idzokororwe, zvichienderana nemutemo nemitemo yenguva yokuchinja.
Sarudzo muZimbabwe
Sarudzo muZimbabwe inzira dzepamutemo dzokusarudza President, Parliament, makanzuru emapurovhinzi neemetropolitan, hurumende dzemunharaunda nemadzishe. Vagari vemuZimbabwe vanokodzera vanonyoresa pasina muripo, vanovhota nebepa rakavanzika pachiteshi chavakanzi vashandise uye vanogona kupikisa zvabuda vachishandisa nzira dzakatarwa dzechichemo nedare. Hurongwa hwesarudzo hunosanganisa zvigaro zvefirst-past-the-post nezviga zveproportional representation nezvimwe zvigaro zvakachengeterwa vamwe; kuchinja kweBumbiro kwakabudiswa muna2026 kungachinja kusarudzwa kwePresident nenguva yedenderedzwa resarudzo.
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