Dzimba dzomumaguta dzinowanzova imba yose, flat, kamuri kana kugara somulodger. Dzimwe nzira dzinosanganisira pekugara rinobatanidzwa nebasa uye kugara kwoukama kana kwemhuri. Dzimba dzokumaruwa dzinowanzova dzemuridzi kana dzinobva pakugara kwemhuri netsika. Zvikamu izvi zvine magwaro, mabasa nedziviriro zvakasiyana; saka mhuri inofanira kuziva nzira chaiyo yokuva mugari kwete kuvimba nemazita asina kurongwa. Kurenda pachivande kunowanzoda chibvumirano chokurenda chakanyorwa uye chakasainwa nemativi ose. Munzvimbo dzemakanzuru, mataundi, hurumende dzemunharaunda nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakatarwa dzeRural District Council, Rent Regulations, Statutory Instrument 32 of 2007, dzinogona kudzora rendi yakanaka, mari yakawandisa, kudzingwa nekodzero dzomuridzi wemba ari rendi pasi pemutemo. Mitemo ine zvinobviswa uye kushanda kwayo ikozvino kunogona kuenderana neimba nenzvimbo. Hapana tafura yerendi yenyika yose, mari yedhipoziti yakajairika kana nguva imwe chete yezviziviso kumarendi ose yakasimbiswa; chibvumirano nemutemo zvinoshanda ndizvo zvinotara mamiriro. Kurenda kweHurumende nekwekanzuru, dzimba itsva dzokurenda uye kurenda kwenguva pfupi panguva yokusavapo zvinogona kutevera mimwe mitemo. Kutenga imba kana stand kunoda kuongorora zvinhu mari isati yachinjana maoko. Mutengi anofanira kusimbisa deed yomutengesi, mapurani echivako kana einjiniya akatenderwa, mvumo dzekanzuru uye mamiriro epfuma kuDeeds Registry Office. Kutsvaga marekodhi kunogona kuratidza muridzi, mortgage, gakava necaveat. Surveyor-General anobata kuongorora ivhu nekupatsanura; Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA) inopa tax clearance yomutengesi inodiwa pakutamisa. Conveyancer anowanzogadzira uye kuendesa magwaro okutamisa. Mutengi anogonawo kubhadhara stamp duty, kunyoresa nemimwe mari yokutengeserana. Kugara kunowanzotanga zvichienderana nokubhadhara nokutamisa; hapana nguva imwe yenyika yose yokupedzisa kutamisa. Ivhu rinogona kubva kumuridzi akazvimirira, kuHurumende kana kukanzuru. Local planning authority inoongorora kuenderana ne master plan kana local plan. Kupatsanura nokubatanidza ivhu kunoshandisa Regional, Town and Country Planning framework uye mvumo yeSurveyor-General. Lease yevhu reHurumende inobatwa neStatelands Office ine basa. Ivhu redzimba rinopiwa pasi peNational Housing Strategy rinowanzofanira kunge rapihwa mabasa ose uye ragadzirwa risati rapihwa title; vanhu havafaniri kugara risati rawana mabasa anodiwa. Chengeta offer yakanyorwa, lease, allocation record, marisiti, mvumo ye survey kana deed zvichienderana norudzi rwevhu. Kuvaka patsva, kuwedzera, basa rechimiro chechivako nokugadzira ivhu zvinowanzoda mvumo yekanzuru isati yatanga. Makanzuru anogona kuongorora mapurani echivako nesewer, kuongorora matanho okuvaka uye kupa Certificate of Compliance kana Occupation pasi pehurongwa hwemunharaunda. Mafomu, mari, miganhu yokuvaka, matanho okuongorora nenguva yokugadzirisa zvinosiyana pakati pemakanzuru. Kuvaka kusina mvumo kunogona kukonzera matanho okumanikidza kana njodzi yokutamiswa. Ministry of National Housing and Social Amenities (MNHSA) inotsigira mutemo wedzimba wenyika, mari dzedzimba, zvirongwa zvehurumende, kubatsira kuwana title deed nezvimwe zvirongwa. Makanzuru, town councils, local boards neRural District Councils zvinobata kuronga kwenzvimbo, mabasa, allocations nemarunyorwa okumirira dzimba. Zvirongwa zvehurumende zvinogona kusanganisira dzimba dzinobatsirwa nevashandirwi, macooperative edzimba, rent-to-buy, social housing nemortgage kana mari yomutengi wokupedzisira. Kukodzera, kuvandudza chikumbiro nezvinhu zvinotangira zvinoenderana neprojekiti. Somuenzaniso, hurongwa hwerunyoro rwokumirira muHarare hwakashandisa kugara kana kushanda ikoko, kuva munhu ari kutsvaka imba yokutanga, kusava neimba yomunhu munzvimbo yakatsanangurwa nekuvandudza kunyoresa gore negore; izvi hazvisi mutemo wenyika yose. Zimbabwe haina kodzero yedzimba dzevanhu vose kana nguva yakavimbiswa yokugoverwa. Housing and Guarantee Fund inogona kuvimbisa zvikwereti zvedzimba zvinokodzera pasi peHousing and Building Act. National Housing Fund, Civil Service Housing Loan Fund neRural Housing Fund zvinopa nzira dzemasangano, asi mamiriro ebasa, kuongorora chikwereti, mari inoshandiswa, mubereko, rubatso nekuwanika zvinosiyana. Kuwana kwevashandi vehurumende kunobatanidzwa nebasa ravo. Mortgage, rent-to-buy nedzimba dzinobatsirwa nomushandirwi zvinoenderana nechirongwa nemukweretesi chaiwo, kwete kodzero yakajairika. Panyika yevagari vomunharaunda, kugara kunoda mvumo yeRural District Council pasi pesekisheni 8 yeCommunal Land Act. Kanzuru inofunga nezvemutemo wetsika yobvunza mambo. Madzishe, headmen nevillage heads vane mabasa pasi peTraditional Leaders Act, anosanganisira zvikumbiro zvokugara, miganhu yetsika, marekodhi evagari nemvumo yokugara. Mvumo inowanzobata vanhu vemunharaunda yetsika kana vanogamuchirwa mairi. Ivhu renharaunda harina freehold yakajairika: harigoni kutengeswa pachivande kana kurendwa sokunge title yepachivande; kutamisa kodzero dzokugara kunotevera mitemo, kusanganisira mamiriro emhuri ine munhu mukuru nemvumo yekanzuru. Kuchengeteka kunobva pakuzivikanwa kwetsika nemvumo yehurumende. Misha isina kurongeka inogona kuva nemagoverwo akapetwa, ma stand asina mabasa, kusava netitle, kutengesana kusina kurongwa, hutsotsi, kuvaka kusina kuchengeteka uye kuwana mvura, utsanana kana magetsi kushoma. National Housing and Settlement Policy inotsigira kugadzirisa zviri pamutemo nokuvandudza nzvimbo pasina kutamisa vanhu kana ivhu richikodzera dzimba. Nzvimbo dzine manyoro, mahombekombe enzizi nemadhamu, nzvimbo dzakachengeterwa migwagwa, wayleave, nzvimbo dzakachengeterwa mabasa enharaunda nenzvimbo dziri pasi pemagetsi dzinogona kuva nenjodzi huru yokutamiswa kana kuputswa. Mutemo unotsigira pekugara pomwe pokugara vanhu vasati vatamiswa kana kuputsirwa mudzimwe projekiti, asi haisi vimbiso inoshanda kwose kwose. Mabasa panguva yokugara anotevera lease, title, allocation record, mitemo yetsika kana chimwe chinyorwa chokugara. Vagari vanofanira kuchengeta lease, marisiti, title kana offer, mapurani akatenderwa nemarekodhi emabasa. Rendi, rates, utilities nemari yebasa zvinobhadharwa sezvakabvumiranwa. Kurendesa kune mumwe, kuchinja imba kana kuvaka patsva kungada mvumo. Kupinda kwomuridzi kana lessor, kugadzirisa nemabasa ake ezvishandiso zvinoenderana nechibvumirano nemitemo inoshanda. Mvura inogona kupiwa neZimbabwe National Water Authority (ZINWA) kana kanzuru zvichienderana nenzvimbo yebasa. Chikumbiro chitsva chokubatanidza chinowanzoda mashoko epfuma kana stand, mashandisirwo, ruzivo rwehunyanzvi nemashoko omutengi. Service charter yeZINWA ine chinangwa chemazuva 21 ebasa pazvikumbiro zvakakwana uye zvakarurama, mazuva 10 ebasa pazvichemo, maawa 72 pakupindura kuparara uye mazuva matatu ebasa pakubatanidza patsva. Mari dzemvura, dzekubatanidza, rubatso nemasewer dzinosiyana. Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC) inobata kugovera nokutengesa magetsi. Kubatanidza kunoenderana nekuiswa kwemagetsi kwakatenderwa, simba renetwork, uchapupu hwokugara kana title, offer nokubhadhara mari; hapana nguva yokubatanidza yakatarwa munyika yose. Bumbiro rinodzivirira munhu kuti asadzingwe pamba kana imba yake kuputswa pasina murayiro wedare unofunga nezvemamiriro ose akakodzera. Dziviriro iyi inoshanda kuHurumende nevanhu vakazvimirira asi haigadziri kodzero isina muganhu yokuramba uripo. Makakatanwa erendi akafukidzwa anogona kubatwa neRent Board, Administrative Court kana dare renguva dzose. Kutamisa vanhu munharaunda kana mumisha isina kurongeka kunogona kusanganisira zvimwe zvinodiwa zvetsika, zvehurumende nezveprojekiti. Kuronga kwekugara kunopera kana kuchinja nokupera kwelease, kumisa kwakabvumiranwa, chiziviso nemaitiro ekudzinga zviri pamutemo, kutengesa, kutamisa, mortgage, nhaka, cession kana nzira yokugara yetsika. Pakubuda panowanzodiwa kudzosera nzvimbo, kuverenga mita, kuvandudza maakaundi, kugadzirisa dhipoziti kana risiti nokuchengeta magwaro. Zvinangwa zvebasa zveMNHSA zvinosanganisira mavhiki maviri okupindura chikumbiro chedzimba zvichienderana nekuwanika; mwedzi mumwe wokubatsira title deed yepfuma yeNational Housing Fund kana Housing and Guarantee Fund yakaongororwa uye yakabhadharwa zvizere; mavhiki maviri ecession; nemwedzi miviri yokuvandudza lease. Idzi inguva dzinotarisirwa dzebasa, kwete vimbiso yokuti imba, mabasa kana title zvichawanikwa nenguva iyoyo. Simbisa zvinodiwa, maitiro nemari yazvino kukanzuru, kusangano nepurojekiti nokuti mitemo nemari zvinogona kuchinja.
Dzimba muZimbabwe
Dzimba muZimbabwe dzinosanganisira kurenda pachivande, kuva muridzi, dzimba dzemakanzuru, kugara pamwe chete kwetsika, pekugara rinobatanidzwa nebasa nemisha isina kurongeka. Mu2022 Population and Housing Census, 58.5% yemhuri yakanyorwa sevaridzi, 19.2% sevanorara panzvimbo yomumwe uye 3.1% sevarendi. Kuwana imba nokuchengeteka kwezvo zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yomumaguta kana yokumaruwa, rudzi rwevhu, nzira yokuva muridzi, sangano rine basa nemabasa anowanikwa.
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