Hurongwa hweinishuwarenzi muZimbabwe hunobatanidza social security yepamutemo neinishuwarenzi yakazvimirira. Mitemo mikuru inosanganisira Insurance Act [Chapter 24:07], Insurance and Pensions Commission Act [Chapter 24:21], Road Traffic Act [Chapter 13:11] neNSSA Act [Chapter 17:04]. Insurance and Pensions Commission, inowanzonzi IPEC, inodzora makambani einishuwarenzi enguva pfupi neenguva refu, mutual insurance societies, mabroker, vamiririri nevanoongorora kurasikirwa. Insurance Council of Zimbabwe (ICZ) inotsigira chikamu cheinishuwarenzi uye inotarisira mamwe mapool, asi haisi regulator yakajairika yeinishuwarenzi. National Social Security Authority (NSSA) inotarisira zvirongwa zvesocial security zviri mumutemo. Pension and Other Benefits Scheme (POBS) inowanzofukidza vashandi vane makore 16 kusvika pasi pe65 vari pabasa renguva dzose, remwaka, rekondirakiti kana renguva pfupi, kusanganisira vashandi vehurumende. Inogonawo kufukidza vagari vemuZimbabwe kana vanowanzogara muZimbabwe vanoramba vari pabasa rinopihwa inishuwarenzi kunze kweZimbabwe. Vasiri vagari vemuZimbabwe vasingawanzogari munyika, vamiririri vehurumende dzekunze, vashandi vepamba nevanhu vari muchikamu chisina kurongeka havabatanidzwi pasi pemitemo yataurwa. Inishuwarenzi yakazvimirira haibvisi chisungo chomushandirwi chokupinda muchirongwa chepamutemo chinosungirwa. POBS inogona kupa mari yokurega basa kana pension, rubatsiro rwokuremara, rufu nerwevanovimba nomushandi. Zera renguva dzose rokurega basa i60; kunonoka kusvika pa65. Basa rakaoma rinogona kubvumira kurega pa55 kana mushandi akashanda basa rakaoma kwemakore manomwe mumakore gumi apfuura. Mipiro inopfuura 12 asi iri pasi pemwedzi 120 inowanzokodzera grant; mwedzi 120 kana kupfuura inogona kukodzera pension yemwedzi nomwedzi. Chikumbiro chegrant chinowanzofanira kuitwa mukati memakore mashanu kubva pakurega basa; chepension mukati memwedzi 12. NSSA inowanzokumbira mafomu eP9 kana P10, chitupa chakasimbiswa, pasipoti kana rezinesi rokutyaira, bank statement nepayslip yakasainwa. Mipiro yePOBS i4.5% yemushandi ne4.5% yemushandirwi, zvichiita 9% yemari inopihwa inishuwarenzi. NSSA inobudisa muganhu wemupiro muGazette kota yoga yoga, saka unogona kuchinja. Pamuganhu wazvino weUSD 700, mupiro mukuru pamwedzi iUSD 31.50 kudivi rimwe nerimwe uye USD 63 pamwe chete. Mushandirwi anobvisa chikamu chomushandi uye anobhadhara mupiro panosvika zuva rokutanga romwedzi unotevera. Accident Prevention and Workers Compensation Scheme (APWCS) inopa muripo wepamutemo pakukuvara, chirwere nerufu zvine chekuita nebasa. Mushandirwi ndiye anobhadhara, saka mushandi haapi mupiro weAPWCS. Mabasa ehurumende, vashandirwi vepamba nechikamu chisina kurongeka hazvibatanidzwi pasi pemitemo yakataurwa yechirongwa. Mushandirwi anonyoresa kuNSSA bhizinesi parinotanga. Mari inoverengwa zvichienderana neboka renjodzi yeindasitiri kana industrial code nemari yemihoro. Gore reinishuwarenzi rinotangira 1 January richipera 31 December; mushandirwi anofanira kuzivisa kuchinja kwebhizinesi. Rubatsiro runogona kusanganisira kurapwa, mari yokuremara kwechinguvana kana kwechigarire, pension kana lump sum yomushandi kana chirikadzi, mari yevana kana vanovimba naye nokudzidziswa patsva. Zvikumbiro zvetsaona nerubatsiro zvinopfuura neNSSA, inopawo self-service yokunyoresa vashandirwi nenhengo, kumhan'ara tsaona, pension uye kuongorora SSN kana zvitupa. Inishuwarenzi yakazvimirira inowanikwa kuburikidza nemakambani oupenyu, einishuwarenzi yenguva pfupi kana isiri youpenyu, evanochengeta mari yemariro, mabroker nevamiririri vakawanda vanodzorwa neIPEC. Tarisa runyorwa rwemasangano anodzorwa neIPEC usati wapa mupi mari kana mashoko omunhu oga. Policy yenguva pfupi inogona kuvhara motokari, dzimba, zvimwe zvinhu, stock nenhumbi, zvirimwa nezvipfuyo, moto, kuba, kufamba nezviitiko. Kazhinji inogara kusvika gore uye inoda kuvandudzwa gore negore. Policy yenguva refu inogona kuvhara upenyu, mariro, kuchengetera mari yeendowment, kuremara nenjodzi dzemunhu kwemakore akawanda kana kwoupenyu hwose. Vanobatsirwa nevanovimba nemunhu vanowana zvinobva pazviga zvepolicy. Dziviriro yokukuvara pabasa yeNSSA yakaparadzana neinishuwarenzi youpenyu kana yetsaona yomunhu; inishuwarenzi youtano nemedical aid zvinonyanya kuva mumusoro weutano. Kuvharwa kwepfuma nemotokari kunoenderana nokuongorora kwenjodzi kwekambani. Inishuwarenzi yakazara yemotokari inogona kurambwa kune mamwe mamodheru kana zvikamu zvokutsiva kana kugadzirisa zvakaoma kuwana, kunyange third-party cover ingawanikwa. Third-party motor insurance inosungirwa kushandisa motokari kana turera mumigwagwa yeZimbabwe pasi peRoad Traffic Act. Inodzivirira pamutoro unofukidzwa worufu, kukuvara kwomuviri nokukuvadzwa kwepfuma, maererano nemiganhu inoshanda. Motokari yokune imwe nyika inogona kuwana inishuwarenzi kuburikidza neMotor Insurance Pool (MIP) pamuganhu kuburikidza neZIMRA. COMESA Yellow Card inopa kuvharwa kwemutoro wemotokari pakuyambuka miganhu; kuvharwa kushoma kunotsanangurwa nenyika yauri kushanyira. Policy inowanzotanga nefomu rechikumbiro rine mashoko omunyoreri, chinhu, utano, basa kana mashandisirwo akarongwa. Kambani inoongorora njodzi, yobvuma kana kuramba, yozopa policy inotsanangura kuvharwa, premium, mari yomunyoreri, zvisingafukidzwi, miganhu nenzira yokukumbira muripo. Kupa mashoko akazara uye echokwadi kunokosha, zvikuru nezveutano nemamiriro ezvirwere zvakagara zviripo. Premium inosiyana nechigadzirwa, mari yakavharwa, pfuma, basa, nhoroondo yezvikumbiro, zvisingafukidzwi nemari yomunyoreri. Kubhadhara kunogona kuva kwemwedzi, kota, hafu yegore kana gore zvichienderana nepolicy. Kunonoka kubhadhara kunogona kuita kuti policy ipere kana ikanzurwe; kazhinji hapana kuvharwa kwechiitiko chinoitika mushure mokupera. Policy dzenguva refu dzingava nenguva yokuwedzera yokubhadhara. Chikumbiro chemuripo chinofanira kutaurwa kukambani nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Munhu anokumbira anowanzotumira fomu nemagwaro anodiwa echiitiko chakavharwa. Kambani inoongorora kana chiitiko chakavharwa, kana pane chinobviswa uye uwandu hwokurasikirwa. Muripo unogona kuva mari, kugadziriswa, kutsiviwa kana kuvakwazve. Pachikumbiro chemotokari kana cheMIP, magwaro anowanzodiwa anosanganisira mushumo wemapurisa, chitupa cheinishuwarenzi, marezinesi, fomu rechikumbiro, fungidziro nhatu dzokugadzirisa kana kutsiva uye marisiti kana fungidziro dzokurapa pazvinenge zvakakodzera. Chikumbiro cheMIP chinowanzofanira kuendeswa mukati memakore matatu maererano nenhungamiro dzeIPEC neICZ. Chengeta makopi uye usape magwaro epakutanga kunze kwokunge kambani yaakumbira. Muridzi wepolicy ane kodzero yokupiwa mashoko akajeka, kusarudza, kuvanzika uye kubatwa zvakarurama. Chichemo chinofanira kutanga chanyorerwa kambani, broker kana mumiririri; chengeta makopi epolicy, uchapupu netsamba. Kana sangano rinodzorwa neIPEC risina kugadzirisa nyaya, muridzi anogona kunyunyuta kuIPEC mahara neWhatsApp, email, fomu repamhepo, tsamba kana kuenda pachake. Chisarudzo chinogona kukwidzwa kuGurukota reMari. Nzira yeIPEC haibati NSSA kana Public Service Pension Scheme; nyaya idzodzo dzinofanira kuendeswa kuchirongwa kana sangano rine basa racho. Varidzi vepolicy vanofanira kupa mashoko akakodzera echokwadi, kubhadhara premiums nenguva, kutevera nzira yokukumbira muripo uye kuzivisa kuchinja kwepfuma, mashandisirwo ayo, kero, basa kana mamiriro omunhu. Hunyengeri, tsaona dzakarongwa, zvikumbiro zvakawedzeredzwa, mashoko enhema uye kuviga zvirwere zvakagara zviripo zvinogona kukonzera kurambwa kwemuripo, kukanzurwa kana mhosva. Kuwana inishuwarenzi hakuna kuenzana: social insurance yepamutemo inonyanya kusvika kubasa repamutemo, vashandi vepamba nevanhu vari muchikamu chisina kurongeka vasingabatanidzwi muzvirongwa zvataurwa. Inishuwarenzi yakazvimirira iripo asi mutengo, kuongororwa kwenjodzi nezvinodiwa zvemagwaro zvinogona kuderedza kuwanikwa kwayo. Mukando nemamwe mapoka okutenderedzana okuchengetedza mari zvinogona kupa mari yepedyo kana savings, asi haisi inishuwarenzi inodzorwa neIPEC uye haipe dziviriro yechibvumirano yakafanana.
Inishuwarenzi muZimbabwe
Inishuwarenzi muZimbabwe inopa dziviriro yemari panjodzi dzakatarwa dzemunhu, pfuma, mutoro nemari yaanowana kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvemutemo kana zvibvumirano zvakazvimirira. Social insurance yepamutemo inofukidza vashandi vanokodzera kuburikidza neNSSA; makambani einishuwarenzi akazvimirira anopa inishuwarenzi youpenyu, mari yomariro, motokari, pfuma, kufamba nezvimwe. Kuvharwa, mari, zvisingafukidzwi, nzira yokukumbira muripo nekuwana inishuwarenzi zvinoenderana nechirongwa, zviga zvepolicy, mamiriro ebasa nekambani.
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