Kufambidzana nekutenderana kuroorana muZimbabwe hazvidi kunyoresa kuhurumende, rezinesi kana muripo wakatarwa. Vadiwa vanogona kutevera tsika dzavo, dzemhuri, dzechechi kana dzechivanhu. Mune dzimwe nharaunda dzechiShona, roora kana lobola zvinoreva mari yezvetsika inopiwa kumhuri yemuroora, asi izvi hazvifaniri kutorwa sechinodiwa munyika yose, nokuti tsika dzehukama nemuchato dzinosiyana nedzinza, chitendero, nharaunda nenzvimbo. Muchato unogona kuitwa nenzira yehurumende kana yemutemo wetsika. Vose vanofanira kunge vaine makore 18 zvichikwira uye vachibvuma vakasununguka uye zvizere. Kuroorwa kwemwana, kuvimbisana mwana nemuchato nekuroorwa nechisimba zvinorambidzwa. Muchatisi anogona kuva magistrate, mushumiri wechitendero akanyoreswa kana sabhuku. Pamuchato unotanga nechiziviso, mumwe wevaviri anowanzofanira kunge agara mudunhu kwemazuva 14, zvoteverwa nekushambadzirwa kwemazuva 15. Rezinesi remuchato rinogona kuva imwe nzira. Rondedzero yakazara yemagwaro nemari yazvino inofanira kusimbiswa kuhofisi inoona nezvazvo usati waisa chikumbiro. Muchato wehurumende ndewevanhu vaviri chete. Muchato wetsika unogona kubvumira kuroora vakawanda kana kuitwa nevakawanda; michato yakanyoreswa inozivikanwa zvakaenzana zviri pamutemo mukati memitemo inoshanda. Munhu haagoni kuva nemuchato wakajairika wehurumende pamwe nemuchato wetsika panguva imwe chete. Civil partnership inowanikwa kumurume nemukadzi vasina kuroora, vanopfuura makore 18, uye vane hwaro hwechokwadi hwekugara semhuri. Migumisiro yayo yepamutemo inonyanya kunangana nekugumiswa kwayo uye haina kunyatsoenzana nechinzvimbo chemuchato. Bumbiro remitemo yeZimbabwe rinorambidza muchato wevanhu vepabonde rimwe chete. Hapana civil partnership yevaviri vane murume nomurume kana mukadzi nomukadzi, uye kuita bonde rekumashure nekubvumirana pakati pevarume kuchiri kupara mhosva ine chirango chikuru chakataurwa chegore rimwe. Mitemo iyi inogadzira miganhu yakakomba yevaviri vane murume nomurume kana mukadzi nomukadzi; inofanira kufungwa nezvayo zvakasiyana neruzivo rwese rwekufambidzana kana kugara pamwe. Masevhisi ehutano hwepabonde nekubereka anowanikwa kuburikidza neSexual and Reproductive Health Programme yeBazi reHealth and Child Care, Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council, zvipatara zvehurumende, makiriniki ekumaruwa, makiriniki emakanzuru, makiriniki anotakurika, vanopa masevhisi vakazvimirira nemafarmacy. Ongororo dzakashuma ruzivo rwemazuva ano rwekudzivirira pamuviri mu99% yevakadzi, kushandiswa kwemazuva ano nevakadzi vose pa53% nevakadzi vakaroorwa pa69%, uye kuti 83% yevakadzi ne71% yevarume vakamboongororwa HIV vakawana mhinduro. Kushandisa kondomu pabonde rekupedzisira nemunhu asiri murume kana mukadzi wemuchato kana wokugara naye kwakashumwa ne64% yevakadzi ne83% yevarume muongororo yakataurwa. Kuwanikwa nemari yemasevhisi hazvina kufanana, uye kuwana kumaguta nekumaruwa kunogona kusiyana. Domestic Violence Act inobata varipo vakaroorana, vaimbova vakaroorana kana vakaparadzana, vanogara pamwe nevanhu vari muukama hwepedyo. Inobata kushungurudzwa kwemuviri, pabonde, mupfungwa, nemashoko, kushungurudza mupfungwa, kushandisa mari zvisina kunaka, kunetsa nekutevera munhu. Munyunyuti kana mumiriri wake anogona kukumbira protection order. Nyaya inotarisirwa kuendeswa kudare mukati memaawa 48, interim order inogona kupihwa, uye protection order inogona kugara makore mashanu zvichikwira. Mapurisa ane mabasa ekudzivirira, pekugara nekutumira vanhu kuchipatara; magistrate, High Court, vakuru vezvemagariro, vanopa mazano, Anti-Domestic Violence Council nemasangano akanyoreswa anobatsira veruzhinji vanogonawo kupindira. Ongororo yakashuma mhirizhonga yemuviri, yepabonde kana yepfungwa mumwedzi 12 yapfuura mu25.1% yevakadzi vane makore 15 kusvika 49 vaive nemurume kana mudiwa; nhamba yacho yaiva 20.3% mumaguta ne28.7% kumaruwa. Ichi chiyero cheongororo, kwete huwandu hwevanhu vose. Kurambana kwemichato kunotevera nzira yehurumende. High Court inobata michato yemutemo mukuru; Magistrates Court inobata michato yetsika. Zvikonzero zvinosanganisira kuparara kusingagadzirisiki kwewanano uye chirwere chepfungwa chisingarapiki kana kusaziva zviri kuitika kwenguva refu. Kugara makore 12 makaparadzana kunogona kutsigira chikonzero chekuparara kusingagadzirisiki. Kugumisa civil partnership kunotevera zvikamu 7 kusvika 11 zveMatrimonial Causes Act. Kugumisa kufambidzana kusina kuroorwa zviri pamutemo hakudi nzira yehurumende, uye kugara pamwe chete hakuiti kuti munhu ave nechinzvimbo chimwe chete sechakuroorana. Saka kodzero dzepfuma nedzimwe hadzingochinjirwi kumunhu wese anogara nemumwe chete zvichibva pamitemo yemuchato. Mashoko eRegistrar anoti gwaro remuchato rakarasika rinodhura US$10, gwaro rinoratidza kuti munhu haana kuroora rinodhura US$50, uye kusimbisa gwaro kunodhura US$35 kumugari kana US$75 kune asiri mugari pasi peStatutory Instrument 23 of 2018. Simbisa mari iri kushandiswa, muripo wazvino nezvinodiwa nemagwaro neRegistrar nokuti mari nemaitiro ehurumende zvinogona kuchinja. Nguva yose yekurambana nemari yedare hazvina mwero wakatarwa; zvinoenderana nedare, nyaya nemagwaro anodiwa.
Hukama hwerudo muZimbabwe
Hukama hwerudo muZimbabwe hunosanganisira kufambidzana, kutenderana kuroorana, kudanana uye muchato. Kufambidzana kunowanzoitwa pasina hurongwa hwepamutemo, asi michato yehurumende neyetsika inzira dzepamutemo dzine kodzero nemigumisiro yakasiyana. Vadiwa vangadawo kufunga nezveutano hwepabonde nekubereka, kudzivirirwa pamhirizhonga nemigumisiro yepamutemo yekuparadzana. Tsika, chitendero, dzinza nemamiriro emuguta kana ekumaruwa zvinogona kukanganisa kukura kwehukama nekuitwa kwahwo zviri pamutemo.
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