Izindlu e-Eswatini

Uhlelo lwezindlu e-Eswatini luhlanganisa amalungiselelo asemthethweni, esintu nangahlelekile. Izindlela eziyinhloko ngamakhaya asemaphandleni akuSwazi Nation Land, umhlaba wasemadolobheni noma wangasese one-Title Deed, iziza eziqashisiwe, ukuqasha kwangasese, izindlu ezabelwa uhulumeni noma abaqashi nezindlu ezihlinzekwa yi-Eswatini Housing Board (EHB). IHhohho neManzini zikhule ngokungalingani, kuhlanganise nemijondolo esemaphethelweni amadolobha. Cishe u-69% wamalungiselelo ezindlu kwakungezabanikazi, u-18.4% wawuqashiwe no-10.8% wawabelwe uhulumeni kudatha kazwelonke etholakalayo. Ukuqasha kwakucishe kube ngu-40% wamalungiselelo asemadolobheni no-12% emaphandleni. ISwazi Nation Land, efushaniswa ngo-SNL, iphethwe yiNkosi ngokwethembela kuSwazi Nation. Izinduna nezakhiwo zendabuko ngokuvamile zabela inhloko yekhaya umhlaba wokuhlala ojwayelekile. Ilungelo eliwumphumela lokusebenzisa noma lokuhlala ngokwesintu ngokuvamile alinayo iTitle Deed. Umhlaba we-SNL ngokuvamile awukwazi ukuthengiswa, ukudluliselwa ngokukhululeka, ukuqashiswa noma ukusetshenziswa njengesibambiso semali mboleko. Ukuthutha unomphela kungadinga ukubuyisela umhlaba esiphathimandleni esifanele. UMthethosisekelo uhlinzeka ngokufinyelela emhlabeni ngokulinganayo ngaphandle kokubandlulula ngokobulili, kodwa imibiko kahulumeni iveza ukuthi abesifazane basabhekana nezithiyo zokufinyelela kwezinye izinduna. Imingcele yendawo, ukulandelana kobunikazi, imvume negunya lesintu kungathinta ukuphepha kokuhlala. I-Title Deed Land (TDL) ngumhlaba obhaliswe ohlelweni lwamatayitela. ITitle Deed isekela ukuthengisa, ukudlulisa, ukuqasha nokusebenzisa njengesibambiso semali mboleko, ngemva kokuhlola itayitela, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba namaphepha okuthengiselana. IRegistrar of Deeds ibhalisa amatayitela okudlulisa, izivumelwano zokuqasha, izibopho zempahla yemali mboleko, ama-servitude namanye amalungelo ahlobene. Umthengi nomdayisi, iSurveyor-General neDeeds Registry bavame ukubandakanyeka ekuthengeni kwasemadolobheni noma ekuthengiselaneni okuvikelekile. Izindleko zokusesha, zokubhalisa, izitembu nezobungcweti ziyahlukahluka ngempahla nangokuthengiselana. Umhlaba woMbuso nezinye iziza zasemadolobheni kungabandakanya uMnyango Wezezindlu Nezindawo Zokuhlala, iHuman Settlements Authority, iTown Planning Board nomnyango noma isiphathimandla sendawo esifanele. Umqulu wenkonzo woMnyango ubonisa cishe amasonto amabili esicelo somhlaba nesikhathi esiphezulu sezinyanga ezingu-60 sokuthola ubunikazi obugcwele, kodwa isikhathi sangempela sincike odabeni nasezimvumweni. Ukuqasha iminyaka engu-99 kunganikeza uhlelo olusemthethweni lokuthuthukisa indawo yasemadolobheni ngaphandle kokufana nobunikazi obuphelele. I-Housing Policy 2001 ihlose izindlu ezingabizi, izinsizakalo, ukuvikeleka kokuhlala, ukufinyelela emhlabeni, amanzi, indle nokuphathwa kwemfucuza, kodwa imibiko kahulumeni etholakalayo ithi ukuqaliswa akunazimali ezanele nokuthi inqubomgomo isiphelelwe yisikhathi. Ukuqasha kwangasese kuvame ukusekelwa yinkontileka yokuqasha noma yokuhlala nomnikazi wendawo. IHuman Settlements Authority inegunya lokuqondisa ukulinganiswa kwezinkontileka zokuqasha, ukulawulwa kwentela yokuqasha nokuphathwa kwezindlu, kodwa kubikwa ukuthi uResidential Tenancies Bill wabhalwa wathunyelwa ukuze kuthathwe ezinye izinyathelo zikahulumeni; ubufakazi obutholakalayo abuqinisekisi ukuthi waqala ukusebenza. Abukho ubufakazi obuthembekile besigungu sikazwelonke samanje sezingxabano zokuqasha izindlu, irejista yokuqasha eyimpoqo noma umkhuba ofanayo wokulawula intela yokuqasha. Ngakho-ke intela, amadiphozithi, ukulungisa, ubumfihlo, ukunqamula nezinye izindleko kuncike kakhulu enkontilekeni nasemthethweni osebenzayo. Umqashi kufanele agcine isivumelwano esisayiniwe, amarekhodi okukhokha, izaziso nemiyalezo yokulungisa. Ingxabano ingaya ezinkantolo noma esigungwini sendawo esinegunya, kuye ngohlobo; ukuzikhihla ngomthetho ngokuxosha umuntu akuyona indlela evikelekile evamile. Izindlu zikahulumeni nezabaqashi zabelwa ngaphansi kwemithetho yesikhungo futhi zixhunywe emsebenzini noma enkonzweni yomphakathi. Akufanele zithathwe njengelungelo elivamile lezindlu zezenhlalakahle. I-EHB inegunya elisemthethweni lokunikeza ukuqasha okungabizi, izindlu ezithengiswayo, iziza nezindlu zasemadolobheni ezisemhlabeni onetayitela noxhaso lwezindlu. Ibika amayunithi okuqasha angabizi angaphezu kuka-1,000 neziza nezindlu eziningi, kodwa imithetho yamanje yokufaneleka, imikhiqizo yoxhaso nemibandela ayishicilelwanga ngokuphelele. I-Sectional Title ngaphansi kweSectional Titles Act 2018 neRegulations 2020 ivumela ubunikazi obuhlukene bamayunithi noma izigaba kanye nempahla evamile eyabiwe. Ibalulekile ezindlini zasemadolobheni ezinamayunithi amaningi, nakuba amandla okubhalisa nawokuhlola indawo esalinganiselwe. Imijondolo nezindawo zokuhlala ezingahlelekile kuyindlela ehlukile esebenzayo. Indawo ehleliwe ngokusemthethweni ivame ukudinga inqubo yeHuman Settlements Authority noma yoMnyango. Izindawo ezingadlulanga kuleyo nqubo zingase zintule ukuhlelwa okusemthethweni, ukuvikeleka kokuhlala noma uxhumano oluphelele lwezinsizakalo. Umsebenzi kahulumeni wokwenza izindawo zibe semthethweni nokuzithuthukisa ugxile emadolobheni, kanti ukuhlela kwe-SNL yasemaphandleni ngokuvamile kudinga isimemo sabaholi bendabuko. Lokhu kungathinta ukufinyelela emgwaqweni, indle, ukuba semthethweni kwesakhiwo nengozi yokuthuthwa kwabantu. Umuntu oqashayo noma othengayo kufanele ahlole igunya lomnikazi noma lomthengisi, isimo somhlaba, amanzi nogesi, indle, ukuba semthethweni kwesakhiwo, izindleko, idiphozithi, imisebenzi yokulungisa nemibandela yokunqamula. Ekuthengeni i-TDL noma umhlaba woMbuso, kufanele kuhlolwe itayitela, imininingwane yendawo, ukubuyekezwa komthumeli nomthengi kanye netayitela, isivumelwano sokuqasha noma amaphepha emali mboleko ahlosiwe. Isicelo sokwakha ngokuvamile sidinga iFomu A, imidwebo yokusebenza, ipulani yendawo ebonisa ukufinyelela emgwaqweni nemingcele, ibalazwe lendawo, amapulani endle, okukhipha amanzi namanzi, nemininingwane kanjiniyela wezakhiwo uma kudingeka. Izicelo ngokuvamile zidinga amakhophi amahlanu nemali yesicelo. IMbabane City Council neManzini City Council banquma izindaba zokwakha ezindaweni zabo; kwezinye izindawo uPrincipal Secretary womnyango uyabhekana nazo. Kubikwa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe koMnyango kuthatha cishe amasonto ayisithupha, kanti isikhalo singafakwa kuBuilding Appeals Tribunal zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-14. Iziphathimandla zasemadolobheni namabhodi amadolobha aphatha izinsizakalo zendawo, ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo, ukulahla udoti nendle. I-Eswatini Water Services Corporation (EWSC) isebenzisa futhi igcine izinhlelo zendle emadolobheni naseRural Growth Centres. INational Fire and Emergency Services ihlola izici zokuphepha komlilo ezicelweni zokwakha. Izibalo ezitholakalayo ze-MICS 2021-2022 zibonisa ukufinyelela kugesi ku-82.7% yamalungu emizi, ugesi ophuma ezintanjeni ezinkulu emakhaya angu-79.8%, ugesi ongaxhunyiwe ku-grid ku-0.6% nokungabi nogesi ku-19.5%. Ukufinyelela ekuphekeni okuhlanzekile kwakucishe kube ngu-56.5% ezweni lonke, u-85% emadolobheni no-39% emaphandleni. I-inthanethi ekhaya yabikwa ku-62.8% ezweni lonke, u-69.4% emadolobheni no-58.8% emaphandleni. Kwabikwa ukuthi izindlu ezingu-97.2% zinezitezi eziqediwe, ezingu-98.1% zinophahla oluqediwe nezingu-94.2% zinezindonga eziqediwe, kodwa indawo yokulala isalinganiselwe: u-44.1% unegumbi elilodwa lokulala, u-27.3% unamabili no-28.6% unamathathu noma ngaphezulu. Amanzi nendle kwehluka kakhulu ngendawo. Imibiko yango-2022 etholakalayo ibeka ukufinyelela emanzini okuphuza aphephile noma athuthukisiwe cishe ku-77% ezweni lonke, u-95% emadolobheni no-72% emaphandleni. Ukuthuthwa kwendle okuyisisekelo kwakucishe kube ngu-58% ezweni lonke, u-49% emadolobheni no-61% emaphandleni. Ukubalwa kwabantu kwango-2017 kwaqopha amayunithi ezindlu angu-20,319 kwangu-265,435 ayengenayo indlu yangasese yawo futhi kwabala abantu abangu-283 abangenamakhaya. Alukho uchungechunge lwamanje noluthembekile lwentela yokuqasha, amanani okuthenga nezindlu noma amanani emali mboleko olutholakale emthonjeni osemthethweni. Ngakho izindleko zezindlu ziyahlukahluka ngohlobo lomhlaba, indawo yasemadolobheni noma yasemaphandleni, ukutholakala kwezinsizakalo, isimo setayitela, umthuthukisi, isiphathimandla sendawo, ukwakha nezidingo zokunakekela. Ukuqeda noma ukushintsha indawo yokuhlala kuncike ohlelweni. Ukuthengisa, ukudlulisa noma ukukhansela ukuqasha kwe-TDL kuvame ukusebenzisa umthumeli nomthengi neDeeds Registry. I-SNL ayivumeli ukuthengisa okuvamile noma ukudlulisa ngokukhululeka, ngakho ushintsho oluhlala njalo lungadinga ukubuyisela umhlaba ngesiphathimandla sesintu noma esinegunya. Ukuqeda ukuqasha kwangasese kulandela isivumelwano nomthetho osebenzayo, kanti izindlu ze-EHB nezikahulumeni zilandela izinkontileka noma imithetho yokwabiwa. Abahlali bamapulazi, bezindawo ezingahlelekile nemizi eku-SNL bangase babe sengozini enkulu yokuthuthwa. Ukuvikelwa kwempahla koMthethosisekelo, inqubo efanele nesinxephezelo sokuthuthukiswa kungase kubaluleke, kanti iFarm Dwellers Control Act 1982 isabuyekezwa.