Housing in Luxembourg

Private renting is the most common access path. A tenant usually finds a dwelling through a listing, an agent or the owner, signs a written lease, pays the deposit and completes an état des lieux, the handover inventory. A fixed-term lease renews automatically, while an open-ended lease has no fixed end date. The agent's fee is shared equally between landlord and tenant. The deposit may not exceed two months' rent. If the deposit triggers the move-in inventory, the inventory must be completed at handover. The landlord must provide the tenant with a certified copy of the energy classes and performance shown on the Energiepass/CPE, the energy performance certificate. Luxembourg rental rules also limit the maximum rent to 5% of the invested capital per year and limit rent reviews to once every two years, with an increase of no more than 10% at a time. The tenant normally pays rent, agreed charges and utilities, as well as minor repairs; the landlord bears property tax and other owner taxes. The landlord must provide an annual statement for charges and supporting receipts or invoices. Normal wear is not tenant damage. A shared tenancy should define room use, common areas and liability in a written colocation agreement because joint tenants can otherwise remain jointly and severally liable. After moving in, the resident generally declares the change of residence to the commune within eight days; the procedure varies locally, and a residence certificate can be requested from the commune or through MyGuichet.lu. Half of the deposit is normally returned within one month after the keys are handed back, and the remainder within one month after the charges statement or condominium accounts, subject to documented claims. A tenant generally gives three months' registered notice. A landlord may end the lease only for a serious, legitimate and compelling reason, generally with three months' notice, or six months for personal need. Eviction proceeds through the competent juge de paix. A rent or charges dispute can first go to the communal Commission des loyers; its decision target is three months, with an appeal to the juge de paix within one month. Affordable rental housing is accessed through RENLA, Luxembourg's single national register, by registering once through MyGuichet.lu and then applying to selected social landlords. The Fonds du logement, SNHBM, communes and approved associations can provide social or affordable housing. Applications commonly require documents within a maximum of three months, and eligibility can depend on income, household composition, a stay right exceeding three months and ownership of no more than one-third of another dwelling. AIS and other gestion locative sociale providers focus on low-income households with housing difficulties and normally require referral by a public or private social service rather than direct self-application. Rental guarantee aid is available only under conditions such as adulthood, a stay right exceeding three months, registration in the RNPP, regular income for at least three months, no ownership of more than one-third of a dwelling, a private main residence and rent not exceeding half of household income. The guarantee uses a conditional deposit account and a savings period of up to three years. Rent subsidy can apply to a private main residence when net household income is below the legal ceiling, the household has no qualifying ownership and rent exceeds 25% of net household income; the monthly amount ranges from EUR 10 to EUR 520 and is reviewed annually. Buying an existing home or a newly built home usually starts with a compromis de vente, which is binding. A mortgage suspensive condition is advisable when financing depends on a bank loan. A VEFA, or purchase of a future building, uses a notarial contract based on permits, plans, specifications, price, staged payments, delivery terms and a completion guarantee. Ownership support can include a principal-residence incentive of EUR 500 to EUR 10,000, a capital-aid pool of up to EUR 35,000 and a State home-loan guarantee of up to EUR 303,862 on the 2025 construction-index basis, subject to strict eligibility, savings, financing and document conditions. In 2026 Q1, apartment rental listings were reported 20% higher year on year, while houses represented only 4% of the rental offer and asking apartment rents were 4.4% higher year on year. Availability and administrative execution still differ by commune. Housing decisions therefore require checking the lease or sale documents, the financing burden, applicable aid conditions, residence registration and the responsible commune or institution.