Media in Luxembourg

Luxembourg has no single authority responsible for every form of media. The Service des médias, de la connectivité et de la politique numérique within the Ministry of State deals with media policy, concessions, public funding and press support. ALIA, an independent public administrative institution, supervises television, radio, video-on-demand services and video-sharing platforms, including rules on commercial communication, human dignity, political surveys, minors and film classification. The Conseil de Presse supports press self-regulation through press cards, the professional journalists list, the code of ethics, mediation and complaints procedures. The press and audiovisual sectors operate under different rules. The Constitution protects freedom of the press and expression and prohibits censorship. The Press Freedom Act governs publications and gives affected individuals or organisations a right of reply when a periodical or online publication names or clearly identifies them. A free request must normally be sent by registered letter within 90 days of publication, and an online reply must be published within three working days when the legal conditions are met. Journalists may protect confidential sources and can refuse essential changes made under their signature. Professional journalists can also request access to administrative documents for a public-interest information mission under the law in force since 2 August 2026. Radio and television delivered terrestrially, by cable or by satellite generally require a concession. Local radio services and radio networks are selected through public calls and electronic applications to ALIA. Luxembourg's radio landscape includes local, regional and national services. Média de service public 100,7 is an independent public-service institution providing information, culture and entertainment without advertising on its broadcasts or website; RTL and CLT-UFA also have public-service obligations under separate state arrangements. DAB+ services use a national multiplex, with permissions that can be renewed for ten years and costs that depend on the multiplex and contract model. Video-on-demand, or VOD, lets users choose catalogue content at a time of their choice under editorial responsibility. A Luxembourg-based VOD provider must notify the media minister no later than 20 days before starting service and must provide ALIA with access or requested supervisory information. Luxembourg has no single national streaming platform established by the available evidence; users commonly access services through internet, cable, satellite, terrestrial and provider contracts, including subscriptions or paywalls. Foreign services generally benefit from the European home-country principle, subject to lawful restrictions. The Digital Services Act, or DSA, applies to social platforms, forums, hosting services, marketplaces and search engines. The Autorité de la concurrence acts as Luxembourg's national Digital Services Coordinator. Users can report illegal content to a platform and can complain through the DSA procedure; very large platforms and search engines are supervised by the European Commission. BEE SECURE and KJT operate a trusted-flagger channel for suspected illegal content on services including Facebook, X, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube and OnlyFans. The platform decides whether to remove or block reported content, while affected users can use internal complaints, certified out-of-court dispute settlement or the courts. Media use also involves personal data, image rights, copyright and youth protection. A recognisable person's image is personal data, so professional or institutional publication needs a suitable data-protection basis, transparency and respect for affected-person rights; permission to record and permission to publish are separate questions. Copyright and related rights protect third-party images, videos and audio, so reposting or streaming them is not automatically free. Harmful audiovisual content must be presented so that minors do not normally see or hear it, using measures such as time restrictions, age checks and parental controls. The strictest safeguards apply to pornography and gratuitous violence. Proposed social-media age limits and parental-consent rules remain legislative proposals, not current law. Advertising must be recognisable and may not use subliminal techniques, undermine human dignity or discriminate. Sponsorship and product placement must not compromise editorial independence and generally require identification. Television advertising and teleshopping may not exceed 20 percent in each of the 06:00–18:00 and 18:00–24:00 periods. Radio advertising for tobacco is prohibited, and 100,7 does not carry advertising. Complaints about press content can go to the Conseil de Presse, while complaints about audiovisual services, VOD, video-sharing platforms, film classification and political surveys go to ALIA. The Conseil de Presse may reject or approve a complaint, issue a recommendation or impose a public or private reprimand. The Audiovisual Centre of Luxembourg, CNA, receives legally deposited Luxembourg-related audiovisual, sound and multimedia works, including streaming and web downloads. The deposit is normally due within 12 months of public availability or completion of production and is free of charge. Luxembourg also provides technology-neutral press support for qualifying print and online media, including pluralism, editorial content, labelling of paid content, accessibility, media literacy and protection against illegal user content. Citizen-media support can cover ASBL or foundation projects with voluntary citizen participation and at least two full-time equivalent staff, including at least one professional journalist. A proposed reform known as Projet de loi 8625 was still under parliamentary committee review in September 2026 and therefore does not yet change the current institutional framework.