Study in Mongolia

Mongolia's higher education system includes universities, institutes and colleges. In the 2025–2026 academic year, it comprised 68 institutions: 46 universities and 22 colleges, including 18 state institutions, 47 private institutions and 3 public or religious institutions. A 2022–2023 location breakdown recorded 92.8% of institutions in Ulaanbaatar and 7.2% in rural areas. National rules apply across Mongolia, including to admission examinations and recognized qualifications. Universities can offer associate bachelor's, bachelor's, master's and doctoral programs. Institutes can offer associate bachelor's, bachelor's and master's programs. Colleges can offer associate bachelor's, bachelor's and master's programs, while technological colleges can offer associate bachelor's and bachelor's programs. Programs may be academic, applied or professional and normally combine general background, professional background and specialized study. Fields include education, arts and culture, biology and environmental studies, information and communication technology, data science, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, engineering, production, architecture and construction, agriculture, forestry, veterinary medicine and health. Admission to an associate bachelor's or bachelor's program normally requires secondary education and compliance with the institution's requirements. The national threshold is set by the Ministry of Education for the relevant program and year. The Education Evaluation Center administers the Элсэлтийн ерөнхий шалгалт (ЭЕШ), or General Entrance Examination, and the Монгол хэл бичгийн шалгалт, or Mongolian Language and Writing Examination, is mandatory. Applicants generally take at least two subjects, but an institution may add program-specific requirements such as an essay, talent or skills test, or interview. Some applicants may enter without an ЭЕШ score, including people pursuing a second degree, relevant diploma or technical graduates, applicants with an international examination recognized by the Education Evaluation Center, and certain foreign-transfer applicants. Graduate admission is regulated internally by the institution. Tuition is set through the student agreement with the institution and varies by institution and program. No single nationwide tuition tariff is established in the available national evidence. Dormitory accommodation may be offered by an institution, while living costs remain separate from tuition. The Education Loan Fund administers scholarships, educational loans and grants. A scholarship can support tuition, research or living costs; an educational loan is concessional financing that normally requires repayment; and a tuition discount may depend on academic performance or ability to pay. Current funding rules include Government Resolution 215/2025 and Amendment 94/2026. Depending on the program, eligible study can include domestic or foreign bachelor's, master's and doctoral programs and domestic associate bachelor's programs. Typical conditions include Mongolian citizenship, an accredited institution and program, registration in the Higher Education Information System and satisfactory academic performance. Applications are regularly submitted through the institution or the 11-system. Funding can create repayment or work obligations. For example, the 2025 Nippon Foundation program targeted 1,000 full scholarships, with the first 100 assigned to four domestic universities and a three-year rural work requirement after graduation. Study may use classroom teaching, non-classroom learning or a combination. An academic year has two to four quarters, and the curriculum determines the normal duration. Students can often select their credit load, courses and teachers. Institutions at the same level may recognize courses or credits from one another. A program may also allow a double profession, distance or electronic learning, research and practical training. A unified bachelor's and master's program requires at least 150 credits, while a unified master's and doctorate program requires at least 90 credits. Assessment focuses on learning outcomes and independent study. Research or competition results may count as credits where the institution permits it. A final examination commission conducts final examinations, master's defenses follow institutional rules and doctoral examinations are handled by a board under the central rules. The diploma records completed credits, courses, grades or grade point average and the final examination result. Quality assurance combines internal review, external evaluation and accreditation. New curricula undergo pre-accreditation. Accreditation generally lasts five years and can last ten years after three successful cycles; medical programs require accreditation. Accreditation and rankings can affect access to support, loans and scholarships. Institutions may provide classrooms, laboratories, libraries, cafeterias, gyms, sports fields, practical training, research and innovation facilities, and sometimes dormitories. Students can usually choose elements of the curriculum, teachers and courses, plan credits and conduct or publish research within institutional rules. They must complete the curriculum, follow internal regulations and pay tuition under the applicable agreement. The main qualifications are diploma education or дэд бакалавр, bachelor's, master's and doctorate. Graduates receive an official diploma and appendix. Immediate paths include employment, progression to another degree and research. Graduation does not automatically place a graduate in a job. A funded program may require three to five years of work in Mongolia or a rural area, or five years of work after returning from study abroad, depending on the funding scheme. The Ministry of Education handles policy, permits, thresholds and national data. The Education Evaluation Center handles the ЭЕШ and Mongolian Language and Writing Examination. The Mongolian National Council for Education Accreditation handles accreditation, the Higher Education Council provides advisory governance, and the Education Loan Fund manages loans, scholarships and grants. Institutional execution belongs to the rector or director, Management Board and Academic Council.