Transport in Nicaragua

Public transport includes transporte urbano colectivo within municipalities, intermunicipal buses between towns and cities, taxis without fixed paths, taxis interlocales between terminals and taxis de parada from places such as hotels, markets, airports and terminals. Mototaxis are common in some smaller municipalities. Managua is the main national interchange for intercity travel, which usually takes place by road and begins or ends at a terminal. The MTI and its DGTT directorate oversee nationwide intermunicipal services, concessions, fares and technical standards, while municipal authorities regulate intramunicipal services, local taxis and local permissions; IRTRAMMA performs this role specifically in Managua. Public transport access is generally open, but available services, departure times, terminals and fares vary by municipality and provider. Passengers are entitled to the approved fare, safe, hygienic and respectful service, continuity of service, and passenger or baggage insurance where applicable. Taxis may use a taximeter or an agreed fare. Boats are essential in some island, lake, river, coastal and Caribbean areas, where DGTA and maritime authorities control licensing, registration, inspections, safety equipment and fares. Air travel uses the Augusto C. Sandino International Airport and regional airports, with prices set by the market; Nicaragua currently has no active railway infrastructure or passenger service. Driving requires a personal, non-transferable licence valid nationally for five years, with categories covering motorcycles, light vehicles, freight and passenger transport. A new licence normally involves a CEV seminar, a theory test, a practical test and police issuance, although an authorized driving school may replace the seminar. Police service fees listed for these steps include C$200 for the seminar with the first theory test, C$100 for a theory retake, C$150 for the practical test and C$125 for the certificate; applicants should verify current fees before payment. Vehicles also require registration, plates, a circulation licence, the applicable municipal road tax and compulsory third-party or passenger insurance. Used and imported vehicles may require a technical-mechanical inspection, an emissions certificate and physical verification. Seat belts, helmets, lights, traffic signs and speed limits apply, and driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is prohibited. Pedestrians have protected priority at marked crossings, while municipalities and the MTI have duties concerning sidewalks and bicycle paths on relevant roads; cyclists need lights or reflective markings after 18:00. Cycling and walking are legally recognized but infrastructure continuity and traffic safety differ sharply by location. Transport emissions are monitored through Nicaragua's greenhouse-gas inventories and climate commitments, while maritime law prohibits releasing oil, waste, sewage or other harmful substances into the water.