Elections in Switzerland

In elections, eligible voters entrust political representatives with responsibility for a set term of office. Elections in Switzerland take place at federal, cantonal and municipal levels. At federal level, the people elect the National Council and, under cantonal law, the Council of States. Together, the National Council and the Council of States form the Federal Assembly. The National Council represents the population. Its seats are allocated among the cantons, and most cantons use proportional representation, known as Proporz, to elect its members. The Council of States represents the cantons. Each canton sets its election procedure, which often uses the majority system known as Majorz. Under proportional representation, parties, lists and their share of the vote are central. Depending on the ballot papers, voters may cross out names, repeat a name where permitted, or combine candidates from different lists—a practice called cumulating and panachage. Under the majority system, votes for individual candidates matter most. A candidate is elected if they receive the support required under the applicable rules; a second ballot may be held. The United Federal Assembly elects the Federal Council and other federal officeholders. The Swiss electorate does not therefore elect the Federal Council directly. Election procedures, eligibility and practical arrangements may vary between cantons and municipalities. The official documents for the specific election are therefore decisive.