Politics in Switzerland

Switzerland is a democratic and federal state. Political power lies not only at the federal level, but also with the cantons and municipalities. The population elects parliaments and other authorities according to the applicable rules. It also regularly decides on specific issues, which is why Switzerland is described as a direct democracy. At the federal level, the Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung) passes laws and oversees the government. It consists of the National Council (Nationalrat), which represents the population, and the Council of States (Ständerat), which represents the cantons. The Federal Council (Bundesrat) is the seven-member national government. Its members jointly conduct the affairs of government, and the Federal Presidency rotates regularly among them. Through a popular initiative (Volksinitiative), eligible voters can initiate an amendment to the federal constitution (Bundesverfassung). Through a referendum (Referendum), they can vote on certain decisions of Parliament or demand a vote on them. The cantons have their own constitutions, parliaments, governments and courts. Municipalities regulate many aspects of daily life, although their responsibilities vary from canton to canton. Swiss politics is strongly oriented towards balance and viable majorities. Parties, associations, cantons and other affected parties are often involved at an early stage in important projects. This broad participation creates proximity and acceptance, but it can also make decisions slow and demanding. Political participation therefore requires clear information, attention and a willingness to weigh different considerations.