RBZ inopa marezenisi nekutarisa masangano emabhangi pasi peBanking Act uye inotarisira hurongwa hwekubhadhara munyika pasi peNational Payment Systems Act. Mitemo inosanganisirawo Building Societies Act, People’s Own Savings Bank Act, Microfinance Act neDeposit Protection Corporation Act. Runyorwa rweRBZ rwemusi wa31 Zvita 2025 rwunoratidza mabhangi ezvekutengeserana anosanganisira AFC Commercial Bank, BancABC, CBZ Bank, Ecobank Zimbabwe, FBC Bank, FBC Crown Bank, First Capital Bank Zimbabwe, Metbank, Nedbank Zimbabwe, NMB Bank, Stanbic Bank Zimbabwe, TN CyberTech Bank neZB Bank. TN CyberTech Bank yaimbonzi Steward Bank uye yakachinja zita musi wa30 Chivabvu 2025. Building societies dzinosanganisira CABS neNational Building Society; POSB ibhangi rekuchengetedza renyika. Mabhangi ezvekutengeserana, POSB nemasangano ekuvaka nedhipoziti anowanzopa maakaundi ekushandisa, ekuchengetedza, dhipoziti nemabasa ekubhadhara. Masangano emicrofinance anotambira dhipoziti anogona kusanganisa dhipoziti nemabasa emicrofinance, achitarisa mapoka kana zvinodiwa zvemari inosvika kuvanhu. Masangano emari yebudiriro akaita seInfrastructure and Development Bank of Zimbabwe, SMEDCO neAFC Land & Development Bank ane chinangwa chemari yebudiriro; usafungidzira kuti zvigadzirwa zvawo zvakafanana nemaakaundi ezuva nezuva. Merchant, finance nediscount houses zviri muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvemitemo; tarisa ega ega kuti anopa mabasa api ezvitoro izvozvi. Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG) imari inotenderwa zviri pamutemo, uye mabhangi anopa maakaundi eZiG. US dollar ichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mukuita. Maakaundi emari yekunze neNostro anowanikwa chete kana bhanga richiadzidza pasi pemitemo yezvigadzirwa zvaro nemitemo yeRBZ. Kuchinjana mari, mari dzemaakaundi nemiganhu yekutengeserana zvinogona kuchinja; tarisa mutengo nemitemo yebhangi yazvino. Kuvhura akaundi kunowanzoda National ID, pasipoti inoshanda kana rezinesi rokutyaira, humbowo hwekero hwemazuva ano hwakadai sebhiri remagetsi remwedzi mitatu yapfuura uye kazhinji mifananidzo miviri yepasipoti. Bhanga rinogona kubvuma tsamba inosimbisa kubva kumushandirwi, headmaster, chief kana district authority kana maitiro aro achibvumira. Maakaundi azvino anowanzoda humbowo hwemari yaunowana kana tsamba yemushandirwi; mari yokutanga kana mari shoma inofanira kugara muakaundi zvinoenderana nechigadzirwa. Vana, trusts, makambani, masangano asina kurongeka nevasingagari vanoda mamwe magwaro anoenderana nesangano. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinovhurwa nedhijitari; semuenzaniso NMBLite neNMBConnect zvinoshandisa USSD, sevhisi yenharembozha ine menyu, kana app ine ruzivo rwechitupa, zuva rokuzvarwa, kutaurirana nemagwaro. Nzira dzokubhadhara dzinosanganisira mari, cheques, kutumira mari pakati pemabhangi, makadhi ekubvisa, automated teller machines (ATM), michina yepoint-of-sale (POS), internet banking, mobile banking, USSD, mobile money nekubhadhara kweQR. ZETSS neRTGS zvinobatsira kugadzirisa mari yakawanda; ZIPIT inotumira mari nemagetsi. Makadhi anogona kushandisa ZimSwitch, Visa, Mastercard kana UnionPay. Vanopa mobile money nemari yekubhadhara vanosanganisira EcoCash, OneMoney, Telecash neInnBucks, asi chikwama hachirevi kuti idhipoziti yebhanga. Mitemo yekubatana kwezvirongwa inosanganisa mabhangi, mobile money nevamwe vanopa mabasa ekubhadhara. Vanopa QR vanoda mvumo yeRBZ; hurongwa hwenyika hweQR hunoshandisa mitemo yeEMVCo, National QR Repository uye nzira dzeQR dzinopindirana; miganhu yekutengeserana inoenderana nenjodzi. Masangano ane rezinesi anotambira dhipoziti anofanira kuva nhengo yeDeposit Protection Corporation (DPC). Mhinduro dzazvino dzeDPC FAQ dzinoti dhipoziti dzakakodzera dzekubvisa pakarepo, dzekuchengetedza nedzenguva yakatarwa, kusanganisira mubereko nemaakaundi akakodzera emunhu, kambani netrust, dzinodzivirirwa kusvika USD 3,000 pamunhu anoisa mari, pachikamu chedhipoziti, pabhangi rimwe. Muganhuro wesangano remicrofinance rinotambira dhipoziti iUSD 2,000 pachikamu. Dziviriro yeZiG inoshandisa chiyero cheUSD pamutengo wemusika weinterbank. Mapazi ebhangi rimwe anoverengwa pamwe chete, asi dhipoziti kumabhangi akasiyana dzinopatsanurwa. Mari inodarika muganhu inopihwa zvakaenzana kana bhanga ravharwa. Zvinhu zvisingabatanidzwi zvinosanganisira securities, dhipoziti dzemabhangi, mari yehurumende, zvinhu zviri mumasafe-deposit box, unit trusts, managed funds nedebentures. Chikumbiro chinowanzoda fomu rakasimbiswa negwaro rechitupa, pasipoti kana rezinesi rokutyaira; mari inowanzobhadharwa nemobile money kana bank transfer mukati menguva isiri pasi pemazuva 14 ebasa. Tarisa muganhu weDPC wazvino nokuti magwaro ekare anogona kuratidza nhamba dzakasiyana. Mabhangi anofanira kupa mitemo yakajeka yechigadzirwa, mitengo, mari, zvirango nemamiriro, kutsanangura zvisina kujeka, kupa mukana kumaakaundi ekutanga kana asina mafaro, kubata vatengi vari munjodzi zvakanaka uye kuchengetedza ruzivo rwavo. Chichemo chinofanira kutanga chaendeswa kusangano racho. Mabhangi anofanira kubvuma kugamuchira mukati memaawa 48, kuongorora nekugadzirisa mukati memazuva gumi ebasa, uye kupa mashoko matsva mazuva manomwe oga oga kana kugadzirisa kwanonoka. Bazi rimwe nerimwe rinofanira kuratidza nzira yechichemo uye kuva nemukuru webasa revatengi; marekodhi ezvichemo anochengetwa kwemakore maviri. Zvichemo zvisina kugadziriswa zvinogona kuendeswa kuRBZ pasi pehurongwa hwayo. Vatengi vanofanira kuchengeta ruzivo rwechitupa nerwekufonera rwuchiri rwechokwadi, kuverenga mamiriro eakaundi, kuongorora zvinyorwa nemaziviso, uye kuzivisa kutengeserana kusina mvumo, kadhi kana mudziyo warasika pakarepo. PIN, makodhi eakaundi nemakodhi ekupinda kana mashoko echeque hazvifaniri kugoverwa. Kushandisa digitaaliti zvakachengeteka kunosanganisira maapplication epamutemo, software yazvino, kubatana kwakachengeteka, multi-factor kana biometric authentication, kuongorora ATM uye kuramba rubatsiro rusina kukumbirwa. Dzivisa malink ekupinda anotumirwa mumameseji, pop-up neWi-Fi yeruzhinji. Mabasa emari edhijitari anofanira kupa maziviso emudziyo nekupinda, yambiro yeSIM-swap nekusimbisa patsva; kumirira maawa 24 kusvika 48 mushure mekuchinja SIM kunogona kushandiswa pakudzorera akaundi kana kuchinja miganhu. QR payment isina mvumo inofanira kumhan’arwa pakarepo; kana mutoro wasimbiswa, kudzoserwa mari kunowanzofanira kuitwa mukati memazuva mashanu ebasa. Hapana bhanga rimwe rakanakira vatengi vose. Kuenzanisa kunofanira kutarisa mapazi, maagency nemaATM ari pedyo, POS inogamuchira kadhi, kuwana ZiG neUS dollar, makadhi, internet, mobile neUSSD, rubatsiro rwevatengi, mitengo, miganhu nekuvimbika kwemabasa kana paine kukanganiswa.
Mabhangi muZimbabwe
Hurongwa hwemabhangi muZimbabwe hunopa maakaundi, dhipoziti, kubhadhara, makadhi nemabhangi edhijitari kuburikidza nemabhangi ane rezinesi nemasangano anoenderana anotarisirwa neReserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ). Mabhangi ezvekutengeserana, masangano ekuvaka nedhipoziti uye People’s Own Savings Bank (POSB) anobatsira zvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva; microfinance nemasangano ebudiriro ane mabasa akamanikana. Vatengi vanowanzoenzanisa kuwana ZiG neUS dollar, mapazi nemaATM, mabasa edhijitari, nzvimbo dzinogamuchira muripo, mari, miganhu nedziviriro yedhipoziti.
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