Kuwedzera unyanzvi muZimbabwe

Hurongwa hwokuwedzera unyanzvi muZimbabwe hwakaparadzirwa pakati pekuvandudza unyanzvi nebasa rokudzidza muupenyu hwose. Hunobatsira kupinda pabasa, kuchinja basa, kuwedzera kugona mubasa riripo uye kugadzirira mabasa matsva edhijitari, ounyanzvi hwemaoko, okurima kana ebhizinesi. Dzidzo yokutanga yakazara yechikoro, dhigirii rakazara repayunivhesiti nokudzidza mutauro wose ndezvimwe zvikamu, kunze kwokunge zvichinyatsobatsira chinangwa chokudzidzazve kana kuwana chitupa. Nzira dzepamutemo dzinosanganisira Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), mapolytechnic, Industrial Training Colleges, Vocational Training Centres (VTCs), mayunivhesiti nemakoreji ezvekurima. TVET inobatanidza kugona basa nemaoko nekuongororwa kwakarongeka. Competence Based Education and Training (CBET) inoongorora kana mudzidzi achigona kuita mabasa akatsanangurwa, kwete kungoverenga nguva yaapinda mukirasi. Vanopa dzidzo vanogona kupa zvitupa kana madiploma pasi pehurongwa hwavo. Higher Education Examinations Council (HEXCO) inotsigira bvunzo dzakakodzera nematrade test. Zvitupa zvetrade test nokudzidzira basa zvine ukoshi hwemutemo muzvikamu zvazvo zvebasa, asi chitupa chemupi mumwe hachina kufanana nokukosha kwacho kumushandirwi wose, basa rose kana regulator wose. Kudzidziswa kunoshanda kunowanika kuburikidza nekudzidzira basa mumabasa akasarudzwa, kudzidziswa kwemushandirwi kubasa, kunamira muindasitiri uye zvirongwa zvevakapedza kudzidza. Kudzidzira basa kunowanzoda basa rakasarudzwa, munhu ane makore 16 kana kupfuura uye kuva mugari wemuZimbabwe; Gazette inogona kugadza kusabvumirwa kune asiri mugari. Munhu, mushandirwi nechibvumirano zvinofanira kunyoreswa. Chibvumirano, nguva yokudzidza, zvinodiwa pakupinda, bvunzo, mihoro kana mari yokutsigira, inishuwarenzi nepension zvinotevera mutemo webasa iroro. Dzidzo kana ruzivo rwebasa rwekare zvinogona kuzivikanwa, asi nguva yasara yokudzidzira inofanira kuva gore rimwe chete kana kupfuura. Kupedza kunogona kupa chitupa chokudzidzira basa. Chitupa chomushandi ane unyanzvi chingawanikawo kuburikidza nedzidzo yakaenzana kana kugona kwakaratidzwa kwozoitwa bvunzo inodiwa. Kurambwa kana kukanzurwa kunogona kupikiswa mukati memazuva 30; munhu anobvumirwa kupa mashoko ake mukati memazuva 14 kumiswa kana kukanzurwa kusati kwaitwa. Dzimwe sarudzo dzinoshandira zvinangwa zvakati. Kudzidza kunochinjika kuburikidza neZimbabwe Open University nemapolytechnic kungabatsira kuchinja basa kune zvinyorwa zvinotsigira. Makoreji ezvekurima, Zimbabwe Online Agricultural College nezvirongwa zvipfupi zvokudzidzisa varimi zvinopa dzidzo inoenderana nechikamu chacho. Mienzaniso inosanganisira chitupa chegore rimwe cheExecutive kana General muAgricultural Business Management. Gwaro remutemo reZimbabwe reunyanzvi hwedhijitari rinotsigira kudzidza kwedhijitari muupenyu hwose; engineering, technology, applied sciences neentrepreneurship zvine basa guru rinoshanda. Vashandirwi, masangano enyanzvi, maNGO, masangano ezvitendero nemapoka enharaunda vanopawo dzidzo inoenderera yebasa, mentoring, makosi mapfupi nokudzidza kusina hurongwa. Kuzvidzidzisa kunogona kuvaka kugona, asi uchapupu hwacho hahuna kuenzana zvoga nechitupa chinozivikanwa neHurumende. Ministry of Skills Audit and Development, yakavambwa muna2023, inotungamirira basa rokuongorora unyanzvi, Skills Development Policy and Action Plan 2025–2035, unyanzvi hwedhijitari neFourth Industrial Revolution, unyanzvi hwakasvibira, kubatanidza zvikoro nemabhizinesi, kudzidzira basa kwakakosha uye basa renyanzvi dzakarega basa nedzinobva kunze kwenyika. Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Innovation, Science and Technology Development inotarisira mitemo yeTVET neCBET, kupihwa marezinesi kuzvikoro, HEXCO nematrade test. Ministry of Youth Empowerment and Development of Vocational Training inotsigira VTC dzevechidiki, unyanzvi hunoshanda nebhizinesi. Minisitiri dzezvikamu, vashandirwi nemasangano enyanzvi vanogona kuisa zvimwe zvinodiwa. National Manpower Advisory Council nemamwe masangano echikamu anobatsira kuronga vashandi. Zimbabwe National Qualifications Framework (ZNQF) neNational Credentials Platform zvakagadzirirwa kuvandudza kuenzanisa; simbisa kana zviri kushanda uye kuzivikanwa kwechitupa chaicho pachirongwa chacho. Zimbabwe haina kodzero yemutemo yakajairika yokuwana dzidzo inoenderera. Vanopa dzidzo ndivo vanoisa zvinodiwa pakupinda, zvekutanga, nzira yokudzidza nemari. TVET isiri yehurumende inofanira kunyoreswa; kudzidziswa kwebasa rakasarudzwa kunofanira kuitirwa kusangano rine rezinesi. Nguva yebasa yakataurwa neminisitiri inoti kunyoresa kana kupa rezinesi kusangano reTVET kunotora mwedzi mumwe kana magwaro akakwana nemari zvabhadharwa. Kuwana kudzidza kumaruwa nemapurovhinzi hakuna kuenzana nokuti daro, mari yokufambisa nekuwanda kwezvikoro zvinosiyana. Kuendesa masimba kumatunhu nokuvandudza maindasitiri emumaruwa kunowedzera kukosha kwezvirongwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemunharaunda nematunhu. Mari haina mwero mumwe munyika yose. Mari yezvikoro zvehurumende inogona kutarwa nehurongwa hweminisitiri kana hwemari; kuregererwa, kudzorerwa kana kuderedzwa mari zvingawanika mune mamwe mamiriro. Vanopa dzidzo vakazvimirira vanogona kubhadharisa tuition, chikumbiro, kuongorora nechikamu chebvunzo. Zimbabwe Manpower Development Fund (ZIMDEF) inogona kutsigira vadzidzi vakabvumirwa nemabursary kana zvikwereti uye kutsigira mihoro kana mari yokutsigira, mari yekosi neyebvunzo. Inogonawo kupa ma grant, rebates kana rumwe rubatsiro kuzvikoro nevashandirwi vakanyoreswa. Mari yeZIMDEF haiwanikwi yoga. Mihoro nemari yokutsigira pakudzidzira basa zvinotevera gwaro rebasa racho, kwete mari imwe yenyika yose. Bvunzo dzeHEXCO dzinowanzoitwa kaviri pagore. Theory trade tests dzinowanzoitwa katatu pagore; nguva yematrade test anoshanda inosiyana nebasa nenzvimbo. Nguva yebasa yeminiti inoti mhinduro dzinogona kupiwa panenge papfuura mwedzi kubva pabvunzo uye chitupa chetrade test mukati memwedzi mishanu kubva pamhinduro. Basa renyanzvi rinogona kuva nezvimwe zvinodiwa zvekuenderera mberi nedzidzo kana kuvandudza rezinesi; tarisa regulator kana sangano renyanzvi rakakodzera zvakasiyana. Mudzidzi anofanira kuenzanisa kunyoreswa kwemupi, simba rechitupa kana bvunzo, zvinodiwa pakupinda, mari yose, nguva yebvunzo, nzvimbo dzokudzidzira, kubatana nevashandirwi uye kugamuchirwa kwechitupa pabasa kana muchiito chaari kuronga.