Mushandirwi muZimbabwe

Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare (MoPSLSW), maLabour Officer, Registrar, Retrenchment Board, maNational Employment Council (NEC) ezvikamu, National Social Security Authority (NSSA) neZimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA) rimwe nerimwe rinotarisira chikamu chakasiyana chemabasa emushandirwi. Mahofisi eMoPSLSW ematunhu anobatsira kuita basa munzvimbo dzawo; mitemo yezvikamu nezvibvumirano zvevashandi (CBA) zvinogona kuchinja mihoro, mabhenefiti, mitero nemaitiro. NEC isangano rechikamu rinomiririra vashandirwi nevashandi zvakaenzana; rinogona kubudisa mitemo inosunga chikamu kuburikidza neCBA yakanyoreswa. Employers' Confederation of Zimbabwe (EMCOZ) inopa kumiririrwa kwevashandirwi nokuzvidira, mazano emitemo, mazano ebasa nekudzidzisa, asi haitsivi NEC kana sangano rehurumende. Kuverengwa kweEconomic Census kwa2024 kwakanyora nzvimbo dzebhizinesi 204,798; 76.1% dzakarongwa sedzisiri dzepamutemo uye 87.9% sediki zvikuru. Kuva diki kana kushanda zvisiri pamutemo hakupi kuregererwa kwese kwemabasa evashandirwi. Kunyoresa, marekodhi emihoro, kuchengeteka pabasa nekumiririrwa kwevashandi zvinogona kunetsa kuronga munzvimbo idzi; vashandirwi vemumba nevekurima vanofanirawo kutarisa mitemo yevashandi vavo. Mushandirwi anofanira kunyoresa kuNSSA mukati memazuva 30 atanga kuva mushandirwi uye kuzivisa shanduko mukati memwedzi mumwe. Kunyoresa kwakanangana neindasitiri kunogona kudiwa. Kunyoresa kuZIMRA kunofanira kuitwa mukati memazuva 14, zvoteverwa nekubvisa pay-as-you-earn (PAYE) nekuibhadhara panosvika zuva rechigumi remwedzi unotevera. Mushandirwi anofanira kuchengeta marekodhi eakaunzi kwemakore matanhatu uye kuendesa ITF16 mukati memazuva 30 kubva pakupera kwegore rakakodzera. Tarisa matafura emitero nemitengo yesocial security yazvino nokuti zvinogona kuchinja. National Pension and Other Benefits Scheme (POBS) parizvino inoshandisa mupiro we4.5% wemushandirwi ne4.5% wemushandi kusvika pamuganhu weUSD 700, unogona kuchinja kota yega yega. Accident Prevention and Workers Compensation Scheme (APWCS) inoshandisa kodhi yenjodzi neindasitiri kuverenga mari yemushandi. Mushandirwi anoendesa ruzivo rweP4 kana P4A mwedzi woga woga uye anosanganisa vashandi vatsva kubva pamubhadharo wokutanga unoshanda. Zvirango nemubereko zvinokonzerwa nekuregeredza kwemushandirwi hazvifaniri kubviswa pamushandi. Pakupinzwa pabasa, mushandirwi anofanira kunyora zita nekero yake, nguva yebasa, probation, employment code, mubhadharo nemaverengerwo awo nenguva yokubhadhara, mabhenefiti ekurwara nepamuviri, maawa, mabhonasi, vacation leave nemubhadharo waro nemamwe mabhenefiti. Mubhadharo haufaniri kuva pasi pemutengo wepamutemo kana weCBA inoshanda. Mubhadharo wakaenzana unoshanda pabasa rakaenzana kukosha. Basa rokumanikidzwa, rusarura, mhirizhonga nokushungurudzwa zvinorambidzwa. Vana vari pasi pemakore 16 havabvumirwi kupinzwa pabasa; vane 16 kana 17 havabvumirwi kuita basa rinotyisidzira hutano, kuchengeteka kana hunhu hwavo. Maternity leave haitsamiri pakushanda kwegore rimwe risati rasvika. Zvibvumirano zvebasa rinobhadharwa neawa hazvigoni kurambidza rimwe basa kana kuderedza mubhadharo uri pasi pemuganhu weCBA kwemwedzi inopfuura miviri. Employment code inoisa mitemo yechirango, maitiro, zvirango, kunzwa nyaya nemagwaro. Mushandirwi anofanira kuongorora code makore mashanu oga oga. Kana mwedzi mitatu yapfuura code yapera isina kuongororwa, inotorwa seisina kunyoreswa. Mushandi anogona kukwidza nyaya yemaitiro ecode kuLabour Officer mukati memazuva 30. Kugumisa basa kunotangwa nemushandirwi kunongobvumirwa pakusiya basa kana kuenda pamudyandigere kwemushandi, chibvumirano chakanyorwa chekubvumirana, kana kutyorwa kwakasimbiswa kwagadziriswa pasi pecode kana maitiro akabvumiranwa. Mihoro yokupedzisira, mabhenefiti, zororo, mari yeziviso, nyaya dzekurapa nesocial security nemudyandigere zvinofanira kugadziriswa nekukurumidza; kunyima kana kunonotsa zvinogona kuva unfair labour practice. Vashandi vasiri mamaneja vanogona kuumba workers committee. Kana yasarudzwa, works council inopa kumiririrwa kwakaenzana kwemushandirwi nevashandi. Mushandirwi anofanira kubvunza council asati aita shanduko dzakaita setekinoroji itsva kana nzira dzebasa, kugadzirisa sangano, zvirongwa zvezvigadzirwa, kuisa mabasa mumagiredhi, kudzidzisa, kuvhara, kubatanidza, kutamisa muridzi, employment code, kukwidziridza nemubairo, mabhonasi, retrenchment kana zororo redzidzo rinobhadharwa. Anofanira kufunga nezvemazano ane musoro nedzimwe nzira uye kuedza chaizvo kusvika pakubvumirana. Fekitari ingangoda kunyoresa nekuongororwa kweNSSA kwezvirongwa, michina, boilers, midziyo ine pressure, maelevator nekuongorora tsaona. Mari yekunyoresa fekitari iUSD 100 kune vashandi 1 kusvika 50, USD 200 kune 51 kusvika 100 uye USD 300 kune 101 kana kupfuura. Kubvumidza hurongwa hwechivako kunoda 1% yemutengo unofungidzirwa wekuvaka. Kana tsaona yaitika, mushandirwi anofanira kupa rubatsiro rwekutanga uye kuronga kurapwa pakarepo. Chirevo cheWCIF chinofanira kuendeswa mukati memazuva 14; tsaona inouraya kana yakakomba inofanira kuziviswa kuNSSA nemapurisa mukati memaawa 24. Nyaya dzinofanira kuziviswa dzinowanzosanganisira kukuvara kunokonzera kusavapo kwemazuva matatu kana kupfuura; tsaona dzose dzebasa dzinofanira kuziviswa mukati memazuva 14. Kusawirirana pabasa kunogona kutanga kuenda kumumiriri weNEC ane mvumo kwemazuva anosvika 30, ozotevera conciliation yeLabour Officer. Chibvumirano chakanyorwa chinogona kumanikidzwa kutevedzwa. Kana pasina kugadziriswa mukati memazuva 30, Labour Officer anopa chitupa chokuti hapana kugadziriswa; zvobva zvaitika arbitration yokuzvidira kana, pakusawirirana kwebasa rinokosha kana kodzero, arbitration inosungirwa. Labour Court inogona kurayira kubhadhara mihoro yapfuura, muripo, kudzorerwa pabasa, mari dzematare kana kumisa maitiro asiri pamutemo. Kuendesa kusawirirana kunowanzova nemuganhu wemakore maviri; unfair labour practice inoenderera mberi inobatwa zvakasiyana. Kana paine shanduko huru mukugadzirwa, zvirongwa, kurongeka kana tekinoroji, mushandirwi anofanira kuzivisa nekubvunza vamiririri vanokanganiswa pachine nguva. Basa renguva pfupi kana mashifiti zvinogona kushandiswa seimwe nzira kusvika kumwedzi 12, muripo webasa renguva pfupi uchifanira kunge uri 50% kana kupfuura wemubhadharo wevhiki kana wemwedzi wazvino. Pakuretirecha, ziviso inofanira kupiwa mazuva 14 pachine nguva kuworks council kana NEC, Retrenchment Board nevashandi vanokanganiswa, ichitaura mazita nezvikonzero. Pasi peSI 191/2024, muripo mushoma wemwedzi mumwe wemuhoro pagore rakapedzwa rebasa, kana chikamu chinoenderana negore risina kukwana; muripo uri nani unogona kubvumiranwa. Mushandirwi anoendesa mafomu eLRR1 neLRR2 uye anowana chitupa cheBoard mukati memazuva 14 mushure meretrenchment. Mushandirwi asingakwanisi kubhadhara anofanira kubhadhara 25% kana kupfuura mukati memazuva 14 uye kunyorera kuregererwa kuNEC kana Board. Chisarudzo chinofanira kuitwa mukati memazuva 30, kukwidzwa mukati memazuva 21 uye zvikumbiro zvemuripo uri nani mukati memazuva 60. Zvinyorwa zvemari zvakaongororwa zvinogona kudiwa. Kusazivisa imhosva; kusatevedzera kunogona kumanikidzwa kuburikidza neLabour Court kana nyaya yehurumende. Kubvisa zvinhu mubhizinesi nekunyengera kana kuita zvisina hanya kwakanyanya kunogona kuita kuti muridzi, director kana partner azvidavirire ega.