Munhu anofanira kuenzanisa chii pakusarudza pakati pebasa remushandi, basa rehunyanzvi nebhizimisi muZimbabwe?

Enzanisa kuti ndiani anobhadhara basa, ndiani anodzora marongerwo ebasa, kana mushandirwi achitora mabasa evashandi, kana kunyoreswa kwehunyanzvi kuchidiwa, uye kuti kunyoresa bhizimisi kana mutero upi zvinoshanda. Sarudzo inokanganisawo kuchengeteka kwemari, dziviriro yebasa, mutoro nemabasa ekutarisira.

Basa repamutemo, risiri repamutemo nerega munhu achizvishandira zvinosiyana sei kuvanhu vanoshanda muZimbabwe?

Basa repamutemo rinowanzova nezvibvumirano zvakanyorwa, mubhadharo wakatarwa, zororo nemarongerwo ekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu, asi basa risiri repamutemo kana rekuzvishandira rinogona kuva nemarongerwo nedziviriro zvakasiyana. QLFS yekota yechipiri ya2025 yakanyora 35.8% yevanhu vari mumabasa epamutemo, 58.5% vari mumabasa asiri epamutemo uye 5.7% vari mumabasa emhuri ekuzvishandira kana emunharaunda.

Basa muZimbabwe

Q: Ndepapi panodiwa kunyoresa basa rehunyanzvi kana bhizimisi muZimbabwe?

Basa rehunyanzvi rinodzorwa nemitemo rinoda kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo nechitupa chekushanda munhu asati ashanda maererano nemitemo yacho. Bhizimisi rinowanzoda kunyoreswa kuCompanies and Intellectual Property Department, Zimbabwe Revenue Authority nekukanzuru ine basa renzvimbo yacho, pamwe nemvumo yekuwedzera pamabasa anodzorwa.

Basa muZimbabwe rinosanganisira basa rinobhadharwa, mabasa evashandirwi, kushaikwa kwemabasa, mamiriro emusika webasa, mabasa ehunyanzvi uye mabasa ebhizimisi. Hurongwa hwebasa hunobatanidza mabasa epamutemo nehupfumi hukuru husiri hwepamutemo: QLFS yekota yechipiri ya2025 yakanyora 35.8% yevanhu vari mumabasa epamutemo, 58.5% vari mumabasa asiri epamutemo uye 5.7% vari mumabasa emhuri ekuzvishandira kana emunharaunda. Zvinofanira kuongororwa zvinoenderana nekuti munhu mushandi here, anoshanda akazvimirira, anopinda mubasa rinodzorwa nemitemo, kana anoita bhizimisi; izvi zvinosanganisira zvibvumirano, mubhadharo, kunyoresa, kuchengeteka, mitero nemabasa ekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu panenge pachikodzera.

vanyori:Rudo&Tendai

Basa

Basa muZimbabwe rinoreva basa rinobhadharwa, kubva pakutsvaga basa kusvika pakubhadharwa, mamiriro ebasa nokugumiswa kwehukama hwebasa. Kune mabasa epamutemo uye chikamu chikuru chebasa risiri repamutemo: QLFS Q2 2025 yakanyora 35.8% vari mumabasa epamutemo, 58.5% mune asiri epamutemo uye 5.7% mubasa remhuri rekuzvishandisira kana reboka. Chibvumirano chakanyorwa, mubhadharo uri pamutemo, zororo, mipiro yesocial security uye mitemo yakajeka yokugumisa basa ndizvo zvinofanira kuongororwa; zvinosiyana nechikamu, National Employment Council, chibvumirano chevashandi, basa rehurumende nerudzi rwechibvumirano.

Mushandirwi

Mushandirwi muZimbabwe ibhizinesi, sangano, imba kana imwe nzvimbo inopinza vanhu pabasa uye ine mabasa anoenderana nebasa iroro. Mabasa acho anosanganisira kunyoresa, zvibvumirano, mihoro, kuchengeteka pabasa, kumiririrwa kwevashandi, kusawirirana uye kuchinja kwesangano. Basa rakagoverwa kumasangano evashandi, miviri yezvikamu, uye masangano esocial security nemitero; hapana hofisi imwe chete inotarisira mushandirwi wose.

Kushaikwa kwebasa

Kushaikwa kwebasa muZimbabwe kunoreva kusava nebasa rinobhadharwa raunoda uye kunogona kusanganisira kurasikirwa nebasa, kutsvaga basa, kusava nechokwadi chemari uye kudzokera kubasa. Muchikamu chechipiri cha2025, ZIMSTAT yakanyora mwero mukuru we20.7%, uye mwero wakawedzerwa, unosanganisirawo vangangokwanisa kushanda, uri 37.1%. Hapana humbowo huripo hunoratidza chirongwa chenyika yose cheinishuwarenzi yokushaikwa kwebasa chinobva pamipiro.

Musika webasa

Musika webasa weZimbabwe unosanganisa mabasa epamutemo, basa rehurumende, makambani akazvimirira, kurima, mabhizinesi emhuri nehupfumi hukuru husiri pamutemo. MuQ2 2025 Quarterly Labour Force Survey yevane makore 16 zvichikwira, vanhu 4,020,125 vaiva musimba revashandi, 3,186,598 vaiva nemabasa uye kushaikwa kwebasa kwepamutemo kwaiva 20.7%. Basa risiri repamutemo raiva 58.5% yemabasa, zvichienzaniswa ne35.8% repamutemo. Kuwana basa kunosiyana nezera, murume kana mukadzi, nzvimbo, dzidzo nenzira inoshandiswa; inflation iri kuderedza simba remari inotambirwa.

Mabasa

Mabasa enyanzvi muZimbabwe anosanganisira mabasa akasiyana nemapoka emabasa, kubva pakurima nemabasa emaoko ane unyanzvi kusvika kuutano, kudzidzisa, engineering, mutemo, accounting nebasa rehurumende. Ongororo yemabasa yeQ2 2025 yakanyora vanhu 3,186,598 vaishanda; mabasa asina unyanzvi hwakanyanya aiva 25.9%, mabasa ebasa nekutengesa 25.3%, mabasa emaoko ane unyanzvi nemamwe ane chokuita nawo 12.6%, uye mabasa enyanzvi 9.9%. Kupinda mumabasa kunogona kuitwa kuburikidza nokudzidza kuyunivhesiti kana kukoreji, technical and vocational education and training (TVET), kudzidzira basa kwakanyoreswa, bvunzo dzebasa remaoko kana kudzidzira pabasa. Kunyoreswa kwepamutemo uye practising certificate zvinodiwa mumabasa anodzorwa nemutemo, asi mabasa mazhinji muZimbabwe haana kurongwa kana kuti ndeemunhu oga.

Bhizinesi

Bhizinesi muZimbabwe rinogona kuitwa zviri pamutemo, zvisiri pamutemo zvizere kana zvisina kurongeka. Mafomu anosanganisira mutengesi ari ega, mubatanidzwa, private limited company, private business corporation, cooperative company, syndicate, consortium nejoint venture. Kazhinji bhizinesi rinoda kunyoreswa kuCompanies and Intellectual Property Department, Zimbabwe Revenue Authority nemasangano emunharaunda akakodzera; mabasa anodzorwa anoda mvumo yokuwedzera. Mitero, mabasa omushandirwi, kunyoresa kutenga kwehurumende, kuchinja varidzi nokuvhara zvinoramba zvichitsamira parudzi rwebhizinesi, basa, nzvimbo yokushandira nenzvimbo yariri.

Basa rinobhadharwa rine chekuita noukama huri pakati pemushandi nemushandirwi, kusanganisira chibvumirano, mubhadharo, mamiriro ebasa, zororo, mipiro yekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu uye marongerwo ekugumisa basa. Mashoko chaiwo anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nechikamu, National Employment Council, chibvumirano chemubatanidzwa, mitemo yevashandi vehurumende uye rudzi rwechibvumirano. Vashandirwi vane mamwe mabasa ekunyoresa, kuchengeteka kubasa, kumiririrwa kwevashandi, kugadzirisa makakatanwa uye kuchinja kwesangano. Kushaikwa kwemabasa kunosanganisira kurasikirwa nebasa, kutsvaga basa, kusava nechokwadi kwemari uye kudzokera kubasa. Mukota yechipiri ya2025, ZIMSTAT yakanyora mwero mukuru wekushaikwa kwemabasa we20.7% uye mwero wakawedzerwa we37.1% waisanganisirawo vangangokwanisa kushanda. Humbowo huripo hahuratidzi kuti muZimbabwe mune rubatsiro rwemabasa rwakajairika, runobhadharwa nemipiro uye rwakatosimbiswa. Musika webasa unosanganisira basa rehurumende, makambani akazvimirira, kurima, mabhizimisi emhuri nebasa risiri repamutemo. Mukota yechipiri ya2025, vanhu 4,020,125 vakanyorwa vari mumusika webasa uye vanhu 3,186,598 vaiva nemabasa. Kuwana mabasa nemari inotambirwa zvinosiyana nezera, murume kana mukadzi, nzvimbo, dzidzo uye nzira yekupinda mubasa, uye kukwira kwemitengo kunoderedza simba remari. Basa rehunyanzvi rinogona kuda kudzidza kuyunivhesiti kana kukoreji, dzidzo yehunyanzvi uye kudzidziswa mabasa emaoko, kudzidza basa uri mudzidzi, bvunzo yebasa remaoko kana kudzidzira pabasa. Mabasa anodzorwa nemitemo anoda kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo uye chitupa chekushanda. Bhizimisi rinogona kushandisa marongerwo akaita somutengesi ari ega, kudyidzana, kambani yakazvimirira ine migove yakaganhurirwa, private business corporation, kambani yemubatanidzwa, syndicate, consortium kana joint venture. Bhizimisi rinowanzoda kunyoreswa kuCompanies and Intellectual Property Department, Zimbabwe Revenue Authority uye kukanzuru ine basa renzvimbo yacho, pamwe nemvumo yekuwedzera pamabasa anodzorwa. Mabasa emitero, evashandirwi, ekunyoresa pakutenga kwehurumende, kuchinja kwevaridzi nekuvhara zvinoenderana nerudzi rwebhizimisi, basa raro, nzvimbo yarinoitira uye nzvimbo yairi.

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