Matanho ehupenyu muZimbabwe

Zimbabwe inoshandisa tsananguro dzemazera dzinoverengeka dzinopindirana. Bumbiro remitemo rinoti mwana munhu ari pasi pemakore 18, asi mashoko eChildren’s Act anosiyanisa mwana ari pasi pe16 nemudiki ane makore 16 kusvika pasi pe18. ZIMSTAT inoshandisa kuyaruka pamakore 10 kusvika 17, vechidiki pamakore 15 kusvika 35, uye vanhu vakuru zvikuru kunyanya kubva pa65; rubatsiro rwemagariro runogona kutarisa vanhu vanopfuura 60. Munhu anova mukuru pazera re18, anogona kunyoresa nekuvhota kubva pa18, uye kuroora kana kuita civil partnership ari pasi pe18 zvinorambidzwa. Chitupa chenyika chinogona kuwanikwa pazera re16, asi panotanga panodiwa gwaro rekuzvarwa. Kunyoresa kuzvarwa kunodiwa nemutemo mukati memazuva 42 uye kunogona kuitwa kuchipatara kana kukiriniki, kuDistrict Registrar, nemasevhisi anotakurika kana edhijitari, kana kuburikidza nemukuru wechivanhu anopa chiziviso cheBD1 pakuzvarwa kumba. Kuwana masevhisi hakuna kuenzana: Census ya2022 yakaratidza kunyoreswa kwekuzvarwa kwe78.8% yevanhu, zvichienzaniswa ne71.8% kumaruwa ne89.4% mumaguta; UNICEF yakashuma kuti 51% yevana vakanyoreswa pakuzvarwa muna2024. Vana vane kodzero dziri mubumbiro rezita, kutarisirwa, dzidzo, utano, kudya kunovaka muviri, pekugara nekuchengetedzwa pakushandiswa zvisina kunaka, kushandiswa sevashandi nevakuru kana kushungurudzwa. Zimbabwe ine kodzero yedzidzo yechikoro uye inorambidza rusarura, kusanganisira rune chekuita nepamuviri kana kuremara. Pasi peEducation (General) Regulations 2025, mudzidzi ane pamuviri anogona kuramba achienda kuchikoro kusvika azvara uye anogona kudzoka azvara kana apora zvakakwana. Kunyoreswa kwevana padanho repre-primary kwaiva 42.9% muna2024; 79.5% yevadzidzi vakabva muGrade 7 vakaenda kuForm 1, uye 80.6% yevakapinda muForm 1 vakasvika kuForm 4. Basic Education Assistance Module, inozivikanwa seBEAM, inogona kubvisa mimwe mitero yechikoro, mari yechikoro nemari yebvunzo yevadzidzi vepuraimari nesekondari vanokodzera; dzimwe nguva inosanganisira mari yekugara kuchikoro chakakosha. Nharaunda dzinosarudza vana vanokodzera gore negore, kusanganisira vana vari mudzimba dzinotungamirirwa nevana, vanotambudzwa nehurombo kana zvinomanikidza kushanda, nherera, vana vanogara mumugwagwa nevana vane muchengeti asingakwanisi; rubatsiro harungouyi roga. Vechidiki vane makore 15 kusvika 35 vane kodzero dziri mubumbiro dzedzidzo nekudzidziswa, kutora chikamu, kumiririrwa, basa nekusimudzirwa kwehupfumi. Census ya2022 yakaverenga vechidiki 5,036,477, kana kuti 33.2% yevanhu. Mushure meGrade 7 munhu anogona kuenda kusekondari, technical and vocational education and training, kubasa kana kutanga bhizinesi. Labour Act inorambidza basa renguva dzose kune vari pasi pe16 uye inobvumira vane 16 kana 17 kushanda chete muchikoro kana munzvimbo yedzidzo yehunyanzvi; basa rine ngozi rinorambidzwa kune vari pasi pe18. Kuchinja kwevechidiki kunogona kuvhiringidzwa nepamuviri, kuroorwa kwevana, HIV, mhirizhonga, kusiya chikoro, kushandisa zvinodhaka uye kutora chikamu kushoma. Muna2024 njodzi dzakashumwa dzaisanganisira kuroorwa kwe21.2% yevasikana vane makore 15 kusvika 18, chirango chine mhirizhonga chakabata 64% yevana, basa revana rakabata 35% yevana vane makore 5 kusvika 17, uye basa rine ngozi rakabata 26%. Bazi rePublic Service, Labour and Social Welfare, rinopfupikiswa seMPSLSW, rinoronga mabasa makuru ebudiriro yemagariro kuburikidza nemadhipatimendi nemahofisi ematunhu. Bazi rePrimary and Secondary Education, kana kuti MoPSE, rinotsigira nzira dzedzidzo; Department of Registrar-General inotarisira kunyoresa zviitiko zvevanhu. National Social Security Authority, inozivikanwa seNSSA, inovhara vashandi vepamutemo vanomanikidzwa kunyoresa kubva pazera re16 kusvika vasati vasvitsa 65; mushandi nemushandirwi mumwe nomumwe vanobhadhara 4.5% kusvika pamuganho unogona kuchinja. Mabasa epamba neasina kurongwa haasati avharwa nechirongwa ichi. Kuenda pamudyandigere kwakajairika kweNSSA i60, kunonoka i65, uye pamabasa akaoma i55 kana munhu akashanda makore manomwe pamakore gumi apfuura. Pension inowanzoda mwedzi 120 yekubhadhara; grant inogona kushanda kana mwedzi yacho iri 12 kusvika 119. Zvikumbiro zvepension zvinofanira kuitwa mukati memwedzi 12 uye zvegrant mukati memakore mashanu, pachishandiswa magwaro akaita seP9 kana P10, chitupa uye humbowo hwebhangi. Vanhu vakwegura vanogona kukodzera rubatsiro kana vari varombo vasina zvavanokwanisa, vakaremara, vachirwara nguva refu kana vachivimba nevamwe; asi zvinyorwa zvenyika zvakaongororwa hazvina kuratidza mari yepasi rose yekukwegura isingadi kubhadharwa. Rubatsiro runogona kusanganisira mari yenharaunda, rubatsiro rwezvokudya munguva yekushomeka nezvehutano. Zvinyorwa zvakaongororwa hazvina kuratidza inishuwarenzi yepasi rose kana mari yepasi rose yekutarisirwa. Rutsigiro runogona kubva kuDistrict Social Welfare, masevhisi ekuremara, nzvimbo dzevakwegura, mari yeNSSA yekutadza kushanda, zvipatara zvehurumende, Community Childcare Workers, Child Protection Committees, kurera vana, kutora mwana zviri pamutemo kana pekugara. Assisted Medical Treatment Order (AMTO) inogona kubhadhara mari yekurapwa yakatenderwa kuzvipatara zvehurumende kumhuri dzine urombo dzinokodzera, vanhu vakwegura, vakaremara, vanorwara zvakanyanya nevana vari panjodzi. Kuwana masevhisi ekuremara kunowanzoda gwaro rekuzvarwa, chitupa uye humbowo hwekuremara hunobva kuchipatara chehurumende; vana vanoshandisa gwaro remubereki kana muchengeti. Mutemo nemitemo yeZimbabwe zvinotsigira dzidzo inosanganisira munhu wose muupenyu hwose, rutsigiro rwemunharaunda, kugadziriswa kunonzwisisika kwezvinodiwa, mvumo ine ruzivo uye kuwanika. Zvinovhiringidza zvikuru zvinosanganisira urombo, kusanaya kwemvura nedzimwe njodzi dzemamiriro ekunze, cholera nenjodzi dzeutano hweveruzhinji, kushomeka kwezvokudya, mhirizhonga, kushandiswa zvisina kunaka, kuparadzana kwemhuri nekutama. Pakupindura El Niño muna2024, rubatsiro, dziviriro kana rutsigiro rwekurarama rwakasvika kuvanhu 7.6 miriyoni; rubatsiro rwezvekudya kunovaka muviri rwakasvika ku1.4 miriyoni; uye vadzidzi 1.8 miriyoni vakatarisana nenjodzi yekuvhiringidzwa kwedzidzo mumatunhu makuru 29 emapurovhinzi masere ekumaruwa. Kupindura dambudziko kunogona kubatanidza Community Childcare Workers kana Child Protection Committees neDistrict Social Welfare, National Case Management System, masevhisi ehutano, rutsigiro rwepfungwa nemagariro, rubatsiro rwemutemo, Victim Friendly Police kana matare, imwe nzira yekuchengeta mwana, kubatanidzazve mhuri, kunyoresa kuzvarwa, BEAM kana rubatsiro rwezvokudya nemari. Nhamba yeMPSLSW yekufona pasina muripo yekutumira vanhu kumabasa erutsigiro rwemagariro ndeye1980.