Nhoroondo yeZimbabwe muZimbabwe

Uchapupu hwenhoroondo yekare yeZimbabwe hunosanganisira kugara kwevanhu muMatobo Hills kunodzokera shure makore anosvika 500,000, uye mifananidzo yematombo yemakore anosvika 13,000. Nzanga dzevavhimi nevatsvaki vezvokudya dzakazoteverwa nenharaunda dzeIron Age dzairima. Great Zimbabwe yakakura pakati pezana remakore rechi11 nerechi15, ichivakwa zvikuru uye kukura seguta kubva munenge muna 1100 kusvika 1450. Matongo eChikomo, Great Enclosure neMatongo eMumupata anoratidza nyika yavaShona vanotaura chiBantu, yaivakirwa pakurima, kupfuya zvipfuyo, kuvaka nematombo uye kutengeserana nendarama. Mabhero egirazi neporcelain yeChina nePersia zvinoratidza hukama nekutengeserana kukuru kweIndian Ocean. Kuderera kwenzvimbo iyi kwakazokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira kukwana kwezvokudya nekuparadzwa kwemasango, kwete chikonzero chimwe chete chakasimbiswa. Shiri dzeZimbabwe dzaiva nezvirevo zvematongerwo enyika nezvechitendero, asi nyaya dzinobatanidza Great Zimbabwe naMambokadzi weShebha kana Ophir ingano, kwete tsananguro dzinotsigirwa nezvakawanikwa nevanoongorora matongo. Great Zimbabwe yapararira, Khami nenyika yeTorwa zvakavapo kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, uku Mutapa nedzimwe simba dzematunhu dzakazotevera dzichiumba nzvimbo dzekuchamhembe nedzekumabvazuva. Khami yakabudirira munenge muna 1450 kusvika 1650. Kusangana nevaPutukezi kuburikidza neSofala kwakawedzera pashure pa1505 uye kwakaunza kutengeserana, basa roufundisi nemakakatanwa. Simba reRozvi nereChangamire rakakura mumazana emakore rechi17 nerechi18. Nhoroondo idzi dzaisiyana munzvimbo dzevaShona, vaKalanga, vaNdebele, vaManyika nevaTonga; hadzifaniri kupfupikiswa kuita nhoroondo imwe chete yenyika yakafanana kwose. Kutama kwevaNdebele nekuumbwa kwenyika yavo muma1830 kwakagadzira imwe nzvimbo huru yesimba rezvematongerwo enyika kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero. British South Africa Company yakatanga kupinda muhutongi hwevatorwa munenge muna 1890. Kukundwa kwevaNdebele muna 1893 neChimurenga chekutanga, chinonziwo Umvukela, muna 1896–1897 zvakateverwa nekutorwa kwenyika, basa rokumanikidzwa nemitemo nekugara kwevanhu zvakarongeka maererano nerudzi. Hutongi hwevagari hwekuzvitonga hwakatanga muna 1923. Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland yakavapo kubva muna 1953 kusvika muna 1963, uye Rhodesia yakazivisa Unilateral Declaration of Independence muna 1965. Mitemo yesarudzo nebumbiro remitemo yaidzora masimba ezvematongerwo enyika ichishandisa mitemo yokuvhota yakavakirwa papfuma, mari uye rusaruraganda. Chimurenga chechipiri, kana Hondo yeRusununguko, chakaitika kubva muma1960 kusvika pachibvumirano cheLancaster House nekumiswa kwehondo muna 1979. ZANU neZANLA, pamwe neZAPU neZIPRA, zvakashanda mukati mehondo yaisanganisira kuunganidza vanhu vokumaruwa, kutamiswa kwevanhu vasiri varwi, mhirizhonga uye kupindira kwematunhu nenyika dzepasi rose. Mazita anoti Hondo yeRusununguko, Chimurenga, Umvukela neRhodesian Bush War anogona kuratidza maonero akasiyana ezvematongerwo enyika. Chibvumirano cheLancaster House chakasainwa musi wa21 December 1979. Zimbabwe yakawana kuzvitonga musi wa18 April 1980, pashure pesarudzo yakavakirwa pakodzero yokuvhota yevakuru vose, uye yakabatana neUnited Nations mugore iroro. Pashure pokuzvitonga, zvivako zvekare zveRhodesia, ZANLA neZIPRA zvakabatanidzwa mumasangano matsva ehurumende. Gukurahundi muma1980 yaisanganisira mhirizhonga yehurumende muMatabeleland neMidlands, kuuraya, kutsakatika kwevanhu uye kusawirirana kwemadzinza, matunhu nezvematongerwo enyika kuchiripo. Chibvumirano cheUnity Accord pakati peZANU neZAPU chakasainwa musi wa22 December 1987. Nhoroondo yakazotevera inosanganisira kugadzirisa upfumi muma1990, Fast-Track Land Reform Programme kubvira muna 2000, sarudzo dzakakwikwidzwa muna 2008, Government of National Unity, Bumbiro reMitemo ra2013, kusiya basa kwaRobert Mugabe muna 2017, mhirizhonga yapashure pesarudzo muna 2018 uye kuongororwa kwakasiyana kwesarudzo dza2023. National Peace and Reconciliation Commission, yakavambwa pasi pechikamu 252 cheBumbiro reMitemo nemutemo weNPRC, inoshanda pazvinhu zvakadai sekutaura chokwadi, kuporesana, uchapupu hwenharaunda uye kufukunura kana kuvigazve vakafa; nokudaro nhoroondo yeGukurahundi ichiri chikamu chinoshanda chendangariro nokururamisira. National Archives of Zimbabwe, yakavambwa pasi peNational Archives of Zimbabwe Act muna 1986, inochengetedza zvinyorwa zvehurumende, zvinyorwa zvemutemo nenhoroondo, mafirimu, zvinonzwika, zvinyorwa zvedhijitari uye matura enharaunda. National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe inotarisira, inonyora, inodzivirira, inonyoresa uye inotsanangura mamiziyamu, zviyeuchidzo nezvisaririra zvenhoroondo pasi peNational Museums and Monuments Act. Zvikoro, mayunivhesiti, nharaunda dzomunzvimbo, vachengeti venhaka, vatsvakurudzi nezviratidzwa zveveruzhinji zvinobatsirawo pakuziva nhoroondo. Kuwana zvinyorwa, mari yokutora makopi, rubatsiro rwokutsvakurudza, kupinda mumiziyamu, vatungamiriri nemvumo yenzvimbo zvinoenderana nesangano, muunganidzwa kana nzvimbo yacho; Zimbabwe haina basa rimwe chete renyika rose renhoroondo rine mari nemazuva ekupedzisira akafanana kwose. Nhoroondo yeZimbabwe inoongororwa pachishandiswa marongerwo ematongo, kuverenga nguva neradiocarbon, zvinhu zvakawanikwa, kuvaka, nhoroondo dzevaPutukezi nemamishinari, zvinyorwa zvevatorwa neRhodesia, zvinyorwa zvehurumende zvapashure pa1980 uye uchapupu hwemashoko. Nhoroondo dzavakuru, mhuri, varwi vehondo, vakadzi, nharaunda dzisina kunyorwa zvakakwana nevakuru vehurumende nevachengeti venzvimbo tsvene zvinogona kuchengetedza uchapupu husipo muzvinyorwa zvepamutemo. Vatsvakurudzi vanosiyanisa uchapupu hwezvakacherwa, ndangariro dzenharaunda, kushandiswa kwechitendero uye dudziro yezvematongerwo enyika pane kuzvibata sezvinhu zvakafanana. Great Zimbabwe, Khami, Matobo, National Heroes Acre, nzvimbo dzenhaka yeHondo yeRusununguko, Independence Day musi wa18 April neUnity Day musi wa22 December zvinobatanidza kuzivikanwa kwenyika nendangariro dzematunhu nenharaunda. Kuchengetedza nhaka kunogona kuitika pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwenzvimbo tsvene kunoramba kuripo, kunyanya munzvimbo yeMwari yeMatobo, asi nhoroondo dzepamutemo nendangariro dzenharaunda hadziwanzoonekwa zvakaenzana.