Zvisikwa muZimbabwe

Kutarisira zvisikwa muZimbabwe kunotungamirwa nehurumende uye kunogoveranwa nemasangano akati wandei, kwete nehofisi imwe yepakati. Bazi reEnvironment, Climate and Wildlife rinoisa mutemo wenyika wezvipenyu zvakasiyana, mhuka dzesango, hove nemasango. Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, inozivikanwa seZPWMA, inotarisira nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, kutarisira mhuka dzesango, tsvakurudzo, kusimbisa mutemo, dzidzo yekuchengetedza, kuchengetedza pamwe nenharaunda uye Problem Animal Control. Environmental Management Agency, kana kuti EMA, inotarisira kuongororwa kwezvakatipoteredza neruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza. Forestry Commission inotarisira nekuchengetedza masango, kusanganisira masango echivanhu akanyoreswa zviri pamutemo anofukidza anenge 0.8% yenyika. Chikamu 73 cheBumbiro remitemo yeZimbabwe chinochengetedza kodzero yekuva munzvimbo isingakuvadzi utano kana kugara zvakanaka. Chinotsigirawo kuchengetedza magariro ezvipenyu, kushandisa zviwanikwa zvine mwero, kuwana ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza neruzhinji, kutora chikamu mumapurojekiti nezvirongwa zvikuru, uye kuwana kururamisirwa panyaya dzezvakatipoteredza. Parks and Wildlife Act inopa mapaki enyika, nzvimbo nemagadheni emiti, nzvimbo dzekuchengetera mhuka, nzvimbo dzesafari nemapaki ezororo. Mapaki enyika eZPWMA anosanganisira Chimanimani, Chizarira, Gonarezhou, Hwange, Kazuma Pan, Mana Pools, Matobo, Matusadona, Nyanga, Victoria Falls neZambezi. Nzvimbo idzi dzakasiyana zvikuru. Eastern Highlands yakatenderedza Nyanga ine Mount Nyangani yakareba 2,592 metres neMutarazi Falls yakareba 762 metres; marudzi eshiri anodarika 300 akanyorwa. Chimanimani ine mahekita anenge 17,110 uye ine sango reAfro-montane, inzvimbo inokosha yeshiri, marudzi emiti 2,182 nemarudzi 74 anowanikwa munzvimbo iyoyo chete. Hwange ine makiromita akaenzana anenge 14,650 euswa hwesavanna, miti yeteki nemopane; ine mhuka dzinoyamwisa dzinosvika 100 uye dzinenge 400 dzeshiri. Nzvimbo yeZambezi neMana Pools ine rwizi, mafashamo uye sango remumahombekombe; Mana Pools ine makiromita akaenzana anenge 2,196 nemadziva mana anotsigira mvuu, makarwe nenzou. Gonarezhou ine makiromita akaenzana anenge 5,000 muLowveld yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva mukati meGreat Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area, nzvimbo yekuchengetedza inoyambuka miganhu yenyika. Matobo ine makiromita akaenzana anenge 424 ezvikomo zvegranite nemipata yenzizi; inozivikanwa nemiti nehuswa hwakasiyana pamwe nenzvimbo dzinogara chipembere, sable, ingwe negondo dema. Mhuka dzesango, hove nemiti yakachengetedzwa zvakanyanya zvinodzorwa neParks and Wildlife Act nemimwe mirau, kusanganisira mitemo yemhuka dzakachengetedzwa zvikuru, kuvhima, kuteya mhuka uye kupinza kana kutumira kunze kwenyika. Marezenisi nemvumo zvinogona kuva nemitemo yazvo, kurambwa, kubviswa kana kuchinjwa; kazhinji hazvitamisirwi kune mumwe munhu. Hapana kodzero yakazara yemunhu oga yekutora mhuka dzesango kana miti yechivanhu. Kutora zvisiri pamutemo, kuvhima zvisiri pamutemo nekutengeswa kwemhuka dzesango zvinotarisirwa munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, inozivikanwa seCITES, inoshanda pakutengeserana kwenyika dzakasiyana; Zimbabwe yakabatana nayo muna1981. ZPWMA inobata marezenisi akajairika, emapermit ekupinza nekutumira kunze uye ane chekuita nazvo, asi mari nenguva yekupihwa kwemarezenisi ekutengeserana zvinoda kusimbiswa kusangano. Kubata hove kunowanzoda rezinesi pasi pechikamu 85 cheParks and Wildlife Act, kunze kwekunge mvura yakati yabvisirwa chisungo nechiziviso chemutemo. Vakuru vane basa vanogona kuisa mitemo yemarudzi, huwandu nezvimwe, uye vanogona kuda mareport. Midziyo inobvumidzwa kazhinji inosanganisira tsvimbo kana tambo yeruoko ine zvikorekedzo zviri nyore zvinosvika zvitatu kana nhunzi dzekubata trout, kana chirauro chimwe chine zvikorekedzo zviri nyore, zvakapetwa kaviri kana katatu zvinosvika zvitatu. Zvinoputika, pfuti, makemikari, muchetura, midziyo yekukweva chirauro nemidziyo yemagetsi zvinorambidzwa. Marezenisi emapoka anogona kuwanikwa nemasangano eNational Anglers' Union of Zimbabwe akabatana nayo, kunze kwemvura yeChimanimani neRhodes Inyanga. Kushandisa sango kunotevera nzira dzakasiyana dzeForestry Commission. Izvi zvinosanganisira marezenisi ekutamisa kana kutumira kunze zvigadzirwa zvesango, zviziviso zvechinangwa chekushandisa zvigadzirwa zvesango munyika yenharaunda, marezenisi ehuni dzekuomesa nezvoto, uye zvikumbiro zvekuvandudza kana kutsiva. Mafomu akaburitswa haapi mari kana nguva yekugadzirisa yakafanana. Purojekiti ingakanganisa zvisikwa, sedhamu, kudiridza, basa resango, kuvaka dzimba, mugodhi, quarry, chirongwa chemagetsi, nzvimbo yevashanyi, nzvimbo yemarara kana chirongwa chemvura, inoda chitupa cheEMA cheenvironmental and social impact assessment isati yatanga. Maitiro anotanga neprospectus uye anogona kuenderera nekuongorora kuzere kunoitwa nenyanzvi yakanyoreswa. Nguva yekuongorora mazuva 60 ebasa; mari yekuongorora i0.8%, 1% kana 1.2% yemutengo wepurojekiti zvichienderana neboka; chitupa chinoshanda makore maviri. Mareport ekufambira mberi anodiwa kota yoga yoga. Kana basa risati ratanga, kuvandudza kunofanira kukumbirwa mwedzi mitanhatu chitupa chisati chapera; nguva shoma yekuvandudza yakaburitswa mwedzi mumwe chete. Mari yakaburitswa yekuwedzera iUS$253.58, inobhadharwa nemadhora eZimbabwe pachiyero cheinterbank, yekuwedzera kwegore rimwe. Vashanyi vanobhuka nzvimbo dzeZimParks nekupinda nadzo kuburikidza neportal yeZimParks, vachisarudza rudzi rweugari kana nyika, chitupa nemazuva. Vagari vemuZimbabwe vanobhadhariswa nemadhora eZimbabwe; mamwe mapoka anobhadharwa nemadhora ekuAmerica. Nzira dzekubhadhara dzinosanganisira cash, Visa, Mastercard, EcoCash neZimswitch. Reference yekubhuka inoratidzwa pagedhi. Mabhuku evagari vemo anochengeterwa maawa 72 uye evashanyi vekunze mazuva manomwe ebasa. Kubhadhara kwakazara kunodiwa. Kupinda kwakajairika kubva na14:00 uye kubuda na10:00; kusasvika na18:00 kunogona kuita kuti nzvimbo ipihwe mumwe munhu uye kubhuka kurasike. Mari yekupinza mota inobhadharwa yoga. Vacheche vane makore 0 kusvika 6 havabhadhari mari yekupinda; vana 6 kusvika 12 vanoderedzerwa mari yekuchengetedza ne50%; mapoka echikoro anogona kuderedzerwa; uye kugara husiku hunomwe hwakatevedzana kunogona kuwana kuderedzwa kwe10%. Nzvimbo zhinji dzekuzvibikira hadzina fenzi, saka mikova nemahwindo zvinofanira kugara zvakavharwa uye chikafu hachifaniri kukwezva mhuka. Peji remibvunzo yekubhuka nemitemo zvinotaura zvakasiyana nezvekukanzura, saka simbisai mutemo unoshanda musati mabhadhara. Runyorwa rweNyanga runoratidza mari yekuchengetedza nekupinza mota yeUS$5 yevashanyi veko, US$8 yedunhu neUS$10 yevashanyi vekunze; asi mari yepaki, pekugara, mwaka nerudzi rweugari zvinosiyana. Njodzi dzechisikigo dzinosanganisira moto wesango, mafashamo anongoerekana auya, mhuka dzine ngozi, matombo anotsvedza nenjodzi yemalaria mune dzimwe nzvimbo. ZPWMA inoti gore rimwe nerimwe panorasika anenge miriyoni imwe yemahekita esango nehuswa nemoto; inoshandisa kuzivisa vanhu, migero yekudzivirira moto, migwagwa yematombo yekudzimisa moto uye kupisa kwakarongwa kwekutanga mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Mumwaka wemvura muChimanimani, vashanyi vanofanira kudzivisa kudzika matende pamahombekombe enzizi uye kusarudza nzvimbo dzakakwirira. Nyevero dzepaki dzinogona kutaura nezvenzou dzine vana, zvipembere zvine vana, mvuu, makarwe neshumba. Kukwira makomo uchitungamirirwa kunokurudzirwa kana nzvimbo nemhuka zvichiwedzera ngozi. Kusawirirana kwevanhu nemhuka dzesango kunogona kumhan'arwa kuburikidza neProblem Animal Control yeZPWMA. Nzvimbo dzinochengetwa nemunharaunda dzinotsigira kutarisira ivhu ravanhu, mafuro nehove pamwe nemararamiro emunharaunda. CAMPFIRE, Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources, inopa nzira yenharaunda, kanzuru yedunhu nehutungamiriri hwechivanhu kunze kwenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa. Muenzaniso wataurwa wekutarisa mari kubva pakutarisira nzou wakagovera 55% kunharaunda, 41% kukanzuru yedunhu uye 4% kuCAMPFIRE Association; muenzaniso iwoyo hausi kodzero inopiwa munyika yose. MuGonarezhou, mhinduro inogona kukumbirwa kukanzuru yemuno nenharaunda; chirongwa chayo chinotanga nekuda kubatwa kana kutamiswa kwemhuka uye chinoona kuuraya mhuka senzira yekupedzisira zvachose. ZPWMA inoita zvirongwa zvezvikoro nenharaunda, ine makirabhu emhuka dzesango muzvikoro zvinopfuura 200 uye Junior Rangers vanosarudzwa mumakirabhu aya vachiperekedzwa nevarindi vemhuka. Zimbabwe Institute of Wildlife Conservation inopa dzidzo yepamutemo yezvemhuka nekuchengetedza zvisikwa; zvinodiwa pakupinda nemari hazvina kutsanangurwa muzvokwadi dziripo. Mibvunzo yakajairika kuZPWMA: +263 8677707627; Problem Animal Control: 0779 393 908; mibvunzo yekuvhima: 0774 362 632; marezenisi eCITES: 0712 965 945; EMA: registry@ema.co.zw uye +263 8677 006 244; Forestry Commission: info@forestry.co.zw uye +263 4 498436-9.