Chikoro muZimbabwe

ECD inowanzobata vana vane makore mana kusvika mashanu. Infant Education inosanganisa ECD A neB nemaGrade 1 ne2; Junior Education ine Grade 3 kusvika 7; pamwe chete zvinoumba Primary Education. Lower Secondary inotangira paForm 1 kusvika Form 4, Upper Secondary paForm 5 kusvika Form 6. Matanho aya haana kunyatsoenzana nemhando dzezvikoro zveGermany uye anofanira kunzwisiswa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwedzidzo hweZimbabwe. Chikamu 5 cheEducation Act chinotsanangura dzidzo yepasi inomanikidzwa uye inotsigirwa nehurumende kubva paECD kusvika kuForm 4. Vabereki havabvumirwi kudzivisa mwana kuwana dzidzo iyi. Mutemo unorambidzawo rusarura pakupinzwa kana kubviswa pachikonzero cherudzi, mutauro, chitendero, murume kana mukadzi, pamuviri, kuremara kana mamiriro emagariro nehupfumi. Chikoro chehurumende chinowanzova chikoro chepuraimari kana sekondari chiri pedyo nekwaanogara mwana. Kana chikoro ichocho chakazara, chinofanira kupa gwaro rakanyorwa kuitira kuti mwana akumbire chikoro chinotevera chaanogona kusvika; kana asingakwanisi kusvika pachikoro ichocho, chikoro chekutanga chinofanira kumupinza. Mutemo unotsanangura dzidzo yepasi inotsigirwa nehurumende seisina mari yechikoro nemimwe mitero; hurumende ichipa zvokudzidzisa, zvivakwa nezvimwe zvinodiwa. Panguva imwe chete, Statutory Instrument 240 of 2023 inonyora mari yechikoro neyekugara muzvikoro zvehurumende, kusanganisira USD 5–20 yevana veko vepuraimari, USD 20–40 yevana veko vesekondari, mari yepamusoro yevanobva kunze kwedunhu pamwe nemari yekugara. Iyi ndiyo hurongwa hwemari yehurumende hwazvino hwawanikwa, asi mamiriro ahwo muna2026 haana kusimbiswa pano. Zvikoro zvisiri zvehurumende zvinoda mvumo yepamberi yemari yechikoro nemitero; mwana haafaniri kudzingwa pachikoro nechikonzero chekuti mari haina kubhadharwa chete. Bazi rePrimary and Secondary Education (MoPSE) rinoisa zvidzidzo nemaitiro ebvunzo kuzvikoro zvehurumende nezvisiri zvehurumende. Heritage-Based Curriculum ya2024–2030 inosimbisa nhaka neruzivo rwechivanhu, STEAM, humanities nemitauro, unyanzvi hwekuona nekuita, kugadzira zvinhu nehunyanzvi, zvidzidzo zvekutengeserana nenzira dzakanangana nehunyanzvi. Form 5 ne6 zvinoshandisa nzvimbo shanu dzedzidzo: STEAM; Visual and Performing Arts; Humanities and Languages; Design and Technology; uye Commercials. Zvimwe zvikoro zvakazvimirira nezvepasi rose zvinoshandisa zvirongwa zveCambridge kana International Baccalaureate pasi pemvumo nemitemo yemuno. Zimbabwe inoziva mitauro yepamutemo 16, kusanganisira Chirungu, Shona, Ndebele neSign Language. Kudzidzisa muECD kunowanzoshandisa mutauro wechivanhu unozivikanwa nemuno kana mutauro waamai; zvikoro zvinotarisirwa kudzidzisa mitauro yepamutemo. Mutauro wekudzidzisa newebvunzo unofanira kuenderana nemaitiro echikoro anoshanda. Infant neJunior Education zvinosanganisira mitauro, mathematics, science kana technology, heritage studies, ICT, unyanzvi, dzidzo yemuviri nezvimwe zvidzidzo zvine chekuita nazvo. Form 1–4 inowanzova nenzvimbo dzokudzidza dzinenge gumi, zvidzidzo zvinobatanidza misoro yakasiyana nesarudzo dzezvidzidzo. Kuongorora kunosanganisa basa rinoitwa nguva nenguva kana kuti formative nebvunzo dzekupedzisira kana kuti summative. Continuous Assessment Learning Activities (CALA) mapurojekiti echikoro nemamwe mabasa anoongororwa. Pasi pehurongwa hwekuchinja huri kushanda, zvabuda zveGrade 7, Ordinary Level neAdvanced Level zvinosanganisira anenge 80% ebvunzo dzekupedzisira uye 20% yekuongorora kuri kuenderera mberi. Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC) inonyoresa nzvimbo dzebvunzo nevadzidzi, inoita bvunzo dzenyika, inomaka uye inopa zvitupa. Kuongororwa kweGrade 7 kunobatanidza dzidzo yepuraimari nekupinda muForm 1; Form 4 inoenda kuOrdinary Level (O-Level); Form 6 kuAdvanced Level (A-Level). Kusaita CALA inodiwa kunogona kuita kuti pasava nemugumisiro webvunzo. Basic Education Assistance Module (BEAM) inotsigira vana vari munjodzi, kazhinji vane makore anenge matanhatu kusvika gumi nemapfumbamwe, nemari yechikoro, mitero nemari yebvunzo mupuraimari, sekondari nedzidzo yevana vane zvinodiwa zvakakosha. Bazi rePublic Service, Labour and Social Welfare rinotarisira rubatsiro urwu. Disability Act 2025 inoda dzidzo inosanganisira vose, kugadziriswa kunonzwisisika kwezvinodiwa, Braille, Sign Language nerutsigiro rwemunhu mumwe nomumwe pazvinodiwa. Zvikoro zvinogonawo kupa zvirongwa zvekudya, nzvimbo dzehutsanana, dzimba dzekugara nevadzidzi nemakirasi kana zvikoro zvakakosha. Humbowo huripo hahuratidzi hurongwa humwe chete hwekufambisa vana kuchikoro munyika yose, saka tarisa zvekufamba nechikoro. MoPSE inotarisira mutemo wenyika, zvidzidzo, kunyoresa, kuongorora nekubatanidza mari. Provincial Education Directors, District Schools Inspectors, vakuru vezvikoro nevadzidzisi ndivo vanoita basa pamatanho akatevedzana. Makanzuru emuno anopa masevhisi ezvikoro zvepuraimari nesekondari pamwe nenzvimbo; Bazi reLocal Government and Public Works rinobata nzvimbo dzezvikoro zvehurumende, kuvaka, magadzirirwo nekugadzirisa. School Development Committee kana School Parents Assembly inotsigira hutungamiriri nekusimudzira kwechikoro. Vakuru vane basa vanotarisira zvikoro zvimwe nezvimwe, kusanganisira zvikoro zvisiri zvehurumende zvinoshandiswa nevakazvimirira, mamishinari, machechi kana masangano epasi rose. Kushomeka kwenzvimbo muzvikoro zvehurumende, makirasi akawandisa, zvikoro zvinobatsira nzvimbo dzisina zvikoro zvakakwana uye hot seating zvinokanganisa kuwana dzidzo kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Chikoro chinobatsira nzvimbo dzisina zvikoro zvakakwana chivakwa chechinguvana kana chisina kuvandudzwa chinotarisirwa kushandira nharaunda isina mabasa akakwana. Hot seating zvinoreva kuti mapoka akasiyana anoshandisa kirasi imwe panguva dzakasiyana. Mamiriro aya anogona kukanganisa huwandu hwevana mukirasi, nguva yechidzidzo, zvivakwa nekuwana chikoro chiri pedyo.