Umthetho webugebengu eSwatini

Swatini ayinayo i-Penal Code yalamuhla yinye lehlanganisa onkhe emacala ebantfu. Letinye tincenye te-Crimes Act 1889 atikacali kusebenta noma tahoxiswa, kantsi imitsetfo lemisha ilawula tindzawo letifana nebudlova betemacansi nebemakhaya, bugebengu lobuhlelekile, bugebengu be-cyber, emacala emgwacweni, kuvikelwa kofakazi kanye nebuntfwana. Ngako-ke licala lelikhona, kuvikeleka lokungasetjentiswa nesijeziso kuncike emtsetfweni losebentako nasemininingwaneni yelicala. UMtsetfosisekelo uvikela inkhululeko, kulalelwa kwelicala ngendlela lelungile, lesheshako nalenekubukwa, kucatjangwa kutsi umuntfu akanacala, kwati ngelicala ngelulwimi lolalucondzako, sikhatsi lesenele sekulungiselela kutivikela, kubuta bofakazi, umhumushi uma adzingeka, kukhululeka ekuphocelelweni kutsi umuntfu atifakazelele licala kanye nekuvikelwa ekuphindze aqulwe ngelicala lelifanako. Ngemuva kwekuboshwa noma kuvalelwa, umuntfu kufanele atjelwe tizatfu, atfole lusito lwemtsetfo, akhone kuchumana nesihlobo sakhe lesisedvute aphindze atfole lusito lwekwelashwa. Kufanele asiwe enkantolo ngaphandle kwekubambezeleka lokungakafaneli; sikhatsi lesibekiwe semtsetfosisekelo sekuboshwa singema-awa langu-48. Kukhululwa ngemibandzela lefanele kuyatfolakala, futsi kuvalelwa lokungekho emtsetfweni kungaholela enhlawulweni yemonakalo. Ummeli lokhokhelwa ngumbuso uyadzingeka emacaleni langenhlawulo yekufa. Sijeziso sekufa sisengenteka ngekwemtsetfo kodvwa asisiso lesiphocelelwako, kantsi kubhadla ejele sikhatsi lesidze kuchazwe kutsi lokungenani yiminyaka lengu-25. Licala lelivamile licala ngembiko loya ku-Royal Eswatini Police Service noma lenye inhlangano lefanele. Labo labaphenyako babutsa tinkhulumo nalobunye bufakazi, babopha lapho kuvumelekile khona, futsi bacele ticinisekiso tekusesha noma letinye tinyatselo tekuphenya ngaphansi kwe-Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act 1938. UMcondzisi Wetekushushisa Emacaleni, lovame kubitwa ngekutsi yi-DPP, ucondzisa kumangalelwa kwemacala embuso asebentisa Crown Counsel netigceme letikhetsekile letiphatfene nemacala lavamile, inkhohlakalo, inkhohliso nemacala etemave emhlaba, budlova basekhaya nobetemacansi, bugebengu lobuhlelekile, kubuyiselwa kwempahla yebugebengu, bugebengu be-cyber netidzakamiva. I-Anti-Corruption Commission iphenya inkhohlakalo bese idlulisela emafayela lafanele ku-DPP; tindzaba tebantfu labente emacala kuphela tingashiywa emaphoyiseni. Indlela levamile yicala ilandzela luphenyo, sincumo sekushushisa, kubeka licala, ibheyili noma kubuyiselwa esitokisini, futsi kwesinye sikhatsi kuhlolwa kwekucala ngaphambi kwekuqulwa kwecala. Tinkantolo Tebomantji tiphatsa emacala lamanyenti ekucaleni. INkantolo Lephakeme ineligunya lelibanti lekucala emacaleni lasindzako, iphinde ilalele tikhalo letitsite nekuhlola kabusha. INkantolo Lenkhulu yinkantolo yekugcina yekufaka sikhalo, kubuyeketa nekuhlola. Sikhalo selicala lebugebengu lesisuka eNkantolo Yebomantji sivame kufakwa kungakapheli emalanga langu-14, kantsi tikhalo letiphuma eTinkantolo TemaSwati tivame kusebentisa sikhatsi semalanga langu-30. Tatiso teNkantolo Lenkhulu letishicilelwe tivame kusho kutsi kufanele kufakwe kungakapheli emalanga langu-20, kodvwa imitsetfo yenkantolo yanyalo kanye neRegistrar kufanele kucinisekise lusuku lwekugcina lolusebentako. Ibheyili ivame kutfolakala ngaphambi kwekutsi umuntfu atfolwe anelicala ngaphandle uma kuvalelwa kusita kulungisa licala. Inkantolo ingabuka kuphepha kwemphakatsi, ingoti yekuphindza kwenta licala, kubaleka, kuphazamisa bofakazi, kubhubhisa bufakazi kanye netingoti etinchubeni temtsetfo. Emashejuli labhalwe phansi afaka imali lencane ya-E15,000 emacaleni e-Fourth Schedule na-E50,000 emacaleni e-Fifth Schedule, kanye netibalo letiboshelwe etakhiweni etinkhokhelweni letitsite. Lamashejuli angabe adzala, ngako-ke inkantolo yanyalo kufanele icinisekise linani; ibheyili akukafaneli ibe nguleyendlulele. Tinkantolo TemaSwati tinesigwebo semacala kuphela ngaphansi kwemandla ato nesibopho semtsetfo. Umsolwa nemmangali bavamise kudzingeka babe ngemalunga esive semaSwati, futsi emacala lahlobene nekufa, kuphila ejele noma emacala lesehlulelo sekufa singaba khona, noma buhlola ngaphandle kwemvume ye-Judicial Commissioner awafakwa khona. Ummeli akavumelekile eNkantolo Yeswati, futsi tikhalo tilandzela luhlelo lwayo lwekufaka sikhalo. I-Correctional Services Act 2017 ihlinzeka ngekuvalela, kugcinwa esitokisini kusalindzelwe licala, lusito lwekwelashwa, kwehlukanisa labavalelwe besilisa nalabasikati, kukhululwa ngelilungelo, kulungiswa, kubuyiselwa emphakatsini, kulungisa ngalokubuyisanako kanye nekuvikelwa kwebantfwana. Kubantfwana labaneminyaka lengephansi kwa-18, i-Children’s Protection and Welfare Act 2012 ihlinzeka ngekuhlolwa, kuphenywa kwekucala, kuphambukisa licala endleleni yenkantolo, inchubo yeNkantolo Yebantfwana nelusito lwesiphatsimandla sekuhlaliswa kabusha. Kuphambukisa licala yindlela yekucala uma umntfwana avuma, bufakazi banele, emalungelo ekulandzela inchubo avikelekile futsi anekheli lelihlala likhona. Kuvalela kufanele kube yindlela yekugcina futsi bantfwana kufanele behlukaniswe nebantfu labadzala. Emacala ebudlova betemacansi nebemakhaya alawulwa kakhulu yi-Sexual Offences and Domestic Violence Act 2018 neMithethonchubo yawo yanga-2020. Umtsetfo usebentisa inchazelo yekudlwengula lesebenta kubo bonkhe bulili, ubeka iminyaka yekuvuma ngekutimela yaba ngu-18, futsi uhlinzeka ngekubhalisa bantfu labente emacala ebudlova betemacansi ngetinyatselo tekubavikela. I-Witness Protection Act 2018 yacala kusebenta nga-2 July 2018. Tikhungo te-One Stop Centres tihlanganisa emaphoyisa, tekunakekelwa kwetemphilo, tisebenti temphakatsi, kushushisa nelusito, nakuba kufinyelela kwangempela kuye ngeSifundza. Tinkhokhelo temonakalo netimfuno letivamile tebantfu ngabanye tivela kakhulu emtsetfweni wetimfuno tebantfu kunale ndlela yemtsetfo webugebengu. Emacala emgwacweni ngaphansi kwe-Road Traffic Act 2007 afaka kushayela kabi, ngekunganaki noma ngendlela lengacabangeli, kushayela udzakiwe, kuba nentsela yebhiya lengetulu kwelizinga kanye nekwehluleka kwenta lokufanele ngemuva kwengozi. Umshayeli lotfole ingozi kufanele eme, asite, atise umshayeli futsi abike emaphoyiseni nelayisensi nemazisi kungakapheli sikhatsi lesikhulu lesingema-awa langu-24. Emazinga labhaliwe ngu-0.05 g waboTjwala emlonyeni wegazi lo-100 ml noma ngu-0.38 mg ku-1,000 ml wemoya lophefumulwako. Litiko Letekutfutsa Emgwacweni liphatse emalayisensi, tivivinyo, kubhaliswa nekuhlolwa kwekufaneleka kwemoto emgwacweni. I-Computer Crime and Cybercrime Act 2022 ifaka ekhatsi kungena lokungekho emtsetfweni, kubamba kuchumana, kuphazamisa idatha noma luhlelo, inkhohliso yekhompyutha nekukhohlisa, phishing, bugebengu bekuntjontja bunjalo, kuhlukunyetwa nge-cyber, kulandzelwa, kukhokhiswa ngekuphanga, kuvimba tinsita, lokunye lokushicilelwe lokuyingozi naleminye imacala labaliwe. Tinkantolo tingakhipha ticinisekiso nemiyalo yekulekelela noma yekugcina bufakazi, futsi emarekhodi e-elektroniki angemukelwa njengobufakazi. LoMtsetfo ungasebenta ekwenteni lokutsintsa tinhlelo noma idatha yaseSwatini kanye nalokunye lokwentiwa phesheya. Tijeziso tiya ngebubi belicala; sibonelo, kwephula emalungelo ebunikati bemcondvo kubhalwe kutsi kungaba yinhlawulo lefika ku-E100,000 noma kubhadla ejele iminyaka lemitsatfu, kantsi lamanye emacala angaba yinhlawulo lefika ku-E100,000 noma iminyaka lesihlanu. Akukakatfolakali luhlu lolutsetjenziswa manje lwemali jikelele yetinkantolo temacala, kantsi kufinyelela elusitweni lwemtsetfo kusahlakatekile nakuba lihhovisi leLitiko Letemtsetfo Lokusita lisebenta.